{"id":114396,"date":"2022-02-05T02:19:43","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T01:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/plomb-et-bismuth-comparaison-proprietes\/"},"modified":"2022-03-22T11:38:52","modified_gmt":"2022-03-22T10:38:52","slug":"plomb-et-bismuth-comparaison-proprietes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/plomb-et-bismuth-comparaison-proprietes\/","title":{"rendered":"Plomb et Bismuth – Comparaison – Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article contient une comparaison des principales propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermiques et atomiques du plomb et du bismuth, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques comparables du tableau p\u00e9riodique.\u00a0Il contient \u00e9galement des descriptions de base et des applications des deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments.\u00a0Plomb contre Bismuth.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"plomb<\/p>\n

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<\/span>Comparer le plomb avec un autre \u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/div>
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<\/div>\n

\"Fer<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Arsenic<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Cadmium<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Etain<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Antimoine<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Or<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Bismuth<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
<\/span>Comparer le bismuth avec un autre \u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/div>
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<\/div>\n

\"Prospect<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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Plomb et Bismuth – \u00c0 propos des \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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\"\"<\/div>
\n

Plomb<\/h3>\n

Le plomb est un m\u00e9tal lourd plus dense que la plupart des mat\u00e9riaux courants.\u00a0Le plomb est mou et mall\u00e9able, et a un point de fusion relativement bas.\u00a0Le plomb est largement utilis\u00e9 comme \u00e9cran gamma.\u00a0Le principal avantage du blindage en plomb r\u00e9side dans sa compacit\u00e9 en raison de sa densit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.\u00a0Le plomb a le num\u00e9ro atomique le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments stables et conclut trois cha\u00eenes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration majeures d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments plus lourds.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Bismuth<\/h3>\n

Le bismuth est un m\u00e9tal cassant avec une couleur blanc argent\u00e9 lorsqu’il est fra\u00eechement produit, mais l’oxydation de surface peut lui donner une teinte rose.\u00a0Le bismuth est un m\u00e9tal post-transition pentavalent et l’un des pnictog\u00e8nes, ressemble chimiquement \u00e0 ses homologues plus l\u00e9gers, l’arsenic et l’antimoine.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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\"Plomb<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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\"Bismuth<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n

Source : www.luciteria.com<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
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Plomb et Bismuth – Applications<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Plomb<\/a><\/h3>\n

Le plomb m\u00e9tallique poss\u00e8de plusieurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques utiles, notamment une densit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e, un point de fusion bas, une ductilit\u00e9 et une inertie relative.\u00a0Le plomb est largement utilis\u00e9 pour les batteries de voiture, les pigments, les munitions, les gaines de c\u00e2bles, les poids de levage, les ceintures de poids pour la plong\u00e9e, le verre au cristal au plomb, la radioprotection et dans certaines soudures.\u00a0La plus grande utilisation de plomb au d\u00e9but du 21e si\u00e8cle concerne les batteries au plomb-acide.\u00a0Le plomb des batteries ne subit aucun contact direct avec les humains, il y a donc moins de probl\u00e8mes de toxicit\u00e9.\u00a0Le plomb est utilis\u00e9 dans les c\u00e2bles \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 haute tension comme mat\u00e9riau de gaine pour emp\u00eacher la diffusion de l’eau dans l’isolant;\u00a0cette utilisation diminue avec l’\u00e9limination progressive du plomb.\u00a0Un plomb est largement utilis\u00e9 comme \u00e9cran gamma.\u00a0Le principal avantage du blindage en plomb r\u00e9side dans sa compacit\u00e9 en raison de sa densit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.\u00a0En revanche, l’uranium appauvri est beaucoup plus efficace en raison de son Z plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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\n
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Bismuth<\/a><\/h3>\n

Le bismuth m\u00e9tallique est cassant et il est donc g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 d’autres m\u00e9taux pour le rendre utile.\u00a0Ses alliages avec de l’\u00e9tain ou du cadmium ont des points de fusion bas et sont utilis\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9tecteurs d’incendie et les extincteurs, les fusibles \u00e9lectriques et les soudures.\u00a0L’oxyde de bismuth est utilis\u00e9 comme pigment jaune pour les cosm\u00e9tiques et les peintures.\u00a0Les alliages de bismuth sont utilis\u00e9s dans la soudure, les mat\u00e9riaux de thermocouple et les dispositifs de m\u00e9moire magn\u00e9tique.\u00a0Les compos\u00e9s du bismuth sont utilis\u00e9s dans les graisses lubrifiantes, les mat\u00e9riaux thermo\u00e9lectriques, les spectrom\u00e8tres infrarouges.\u00a0L’oxychlorure de bismuth (BiOCl) est parfois utilis\u00e9 dans les cosm\u00e9tiques, comme pigment dans la peinture pour les ombres \u00e0 paupi\u00e8res, les laques pour les cheveux et les vernis \u00e0 ongles.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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Plomb et Bismuth – Comparaison dans le tableau<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00c9l\u00e9ment<\/td>\nPlomb<\/b><\/td>\nBismuth<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Densit\u00e9<\/td>\n11,34 g\/cm3<\/strong><\/td>\n9,78 g\/cm3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction ultime<\/td>\n17 MPa<\/strong><\/td>\n4 MPa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Limite d’\u00e9lasticit\u00e9<\/td>\n5,5 MPa<\/strong><\/td>\n2 MPa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Module d’\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de Young<\/td>\n16 GPa<\/strong><\/td>\n32 GPa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c9chelle de Mohs<\/td>\n1,5<\/strong><\/td>\n2,5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Duret\u00e9 Brinell<\/td>\n38 MPa<\/strong><\/td>\n70 MPa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Duret\u00e9 Vickers<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Point de fusion<\/td>\n327,5\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n271\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Point d’\u00e9bullition<\/td>\n1740\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n1560\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Conductivit\u00e9 thermique<\/td>\n35W\/mK<\/strong><\/td>\n8W\/mK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coefficient de dilatation thermique<\/td>\n28,9 \u00b5m\/mK<\/strong><\/td>\n13,4 \u00b5m\/mK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chaleur sp\u00e9cifique<\/td>\n0,13 J\/g\u00b7K<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n0,12 J\/g\u00b7K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Temp\u00e9rature de fusion<\/td>\n4,799 kJ\/mole<\/strong><\/td>\n11,3 kJ\/mole<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chaleur de vaporisation<\/td>\n177,7 kJ\/mole<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n104,8\u00a0kJ\/mole<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article contient une comparaison des principales propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermiques et atomiques du plomb et du bismuth, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques comparables du tableau p\u00e9riodique.\u00a0Il contient \u00e9galement des descriptions de base et des applications des deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments.\u00a0Plomb contre Bismuth. Source : www.luciteria.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPlomb et Bismuth - Comparaison - Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s - Material Properties<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/plomb-et-bismuth-comparaison-proprietes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plomb et Bismuth - Comparaison - Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s - Material Properties\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet article contient une comparaison des principales propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermiques et atomiques du plomb et du bismuth, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques comparables du tableau p\u00e9riodique.\u00a0Il contient \u00e9galement des descriptions de base et des applications des deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments.\u00a0Plomb contre Bismuth. 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