{"id":115490,"date":"2022-04-25T05:13:46","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T04:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/helium-et-azote-comparaison-proprietes\/"},"modified":"2022-04-26T07:00:33","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T06:00:33","slug":"helium-et-azote-comparaison-proprietes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/helium-et-azote-comparaison-proprietes\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e9lium et Azote – Comparaison – Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article contient une comparaison des principales propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermiques et atomiques de l’h\u00e9lium et de l’azote, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques comparables du tableau p\u00e9riodique. Il contient \u00e9galement des descriptions de base et des applications des deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments. H\u00e9lium contre Azote.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"h\u00e9lium<\/p>\n

\n
<\/span>Comparer l'h\u00e9lium avec un autre \u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/div>
\n
<\/div>\n

\"Hydrog\u00e8ne<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Oxyg\u00e8ne<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Argon<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Aluminium<\/a><\/p>\n

\"N\u00e9on<\/a><\/p>\n

\"X\u00e9non<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
<\/span>Comparer l'azote avec un autre \u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/div>
\n
<\/div>\n

\"Hydrog\u00e8ne<\/a><\/p>\n

\"H\u00e9lium<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Lithium<\/a><\/p>\n

\"B\u00e9ryllium<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Carbone<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Oxyg\u00e8ne<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Phosphore<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00e9lium et Azote – \u00c0 propos des \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>
\n

H\u00e9lium<\/h3>\n

C’est un gaz monoatomique incolore, inodore, insipide, non toxique, inerte, le premier du groupe des gaz rares dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique.\u00a0Son point d’\u00e9bullition est le plus bas de tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments.
\n<\/p><\/div>

<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>
\n

Azote<\/h3>\n

L’azote est un gaz non r\u00e9actif incolore et inodore qui forme environ 78 % de l’atmosph\u00e8re terrestre. L’azote liquide (fabriqu\u00e9 par distillation de l’air liquide) bout \u00e0 77,4 kelvins (-195,8 \u00b0C) et est utilis\u00e9 comme liquide de refroidissement.
\n<\/p><\/div>

<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\"H\u00e9lium<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n

\"Azote<\/p>\n

<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n

Source\u00a0: www.luciteria.com<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00e9lium et Azote – Applications<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n

H\u00e9lium<\/a><\/h3>\n

L’h\u00e9lium est utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreuses fins qui n\u00e9cessitent certaines de ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s uniques, telles que son bas point d’\u00e9bullition, sa faible densit\u00e9, sa faible solubilit\u00e9, sa conductivit\u00e9 thermique \u00e9lev\u00e9e ou son inertie.\u00a0Sur la production mondiale totale d’h\u00e9lium en 2014 d’environ 32 millions de kg (180 millions de m\u00e8tres cubes standard) d’h\u00e9lium par an, la plus grande utilisation (environ 32 % du total en 2014) concerne les applications cryog\u00e9niques, dont la plupart impliquent le refroidissement des aimants supraconducteurs dans scanners IRM m\u00e9dicaux et spectrom\u00e8tres RMN.\u00a0La plupart des aimants cliniques sont des aimants supraconducteurs, qui n\u00e9cessitent de l’h\u00e9lium liquide pour les maintenir tr\u00e8s froids.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n

Azote<\/a><\/h3>\n

L’azote sous diverses formes chimiques joue un r\u00f4le majeur dans un grand nombre de probl\u00e8mes environnementaux.\u00a0Les applications des compos\u00e9s azot\u00e9s sont naturellement extr\u00eamement vari\u00e9es du fait de l’immensit\u00e9 de cette classe : ainsi, seules les applications de l’azote pur lui-m\u00eame seront consid\u00e9r\u00e9es ici.\u00a0Les deux tiers de l’azote produit par l’industrie sont vendus sous forme de gaz et le tiers restant sous forme liquide.\u00a0En m\u00e9tallurgie, la nitruration est un processus de c\u00e9mentation dans lequel la concentration en azote de surface d’un ferreux est augment\u00e9e par diffusion \u00e0 partir du milieu environnant pour cr\u00e9er une surface c\u00e9ment\u00e9e.\u00a0La nitruration produit une surface de produit dure et tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 l’usure (profondeurs peu profondes) avec une bonne capacit\u00e9 de charge de contact, une bonne r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la fatigue par flexion et une excellente r\u00e9sistance au grippage.\u00a0L’ammoniac et les nitrates produits synth\u00e9tiquement sont les principaux engrais industriels,\u00a0et les nitrates d’engrais sont des polluants cl\u00e9s dans l’eutrophisation des syst\u00e8mes d’eau.\u00a0Outre son utilisation dans les engrais et les r\u00e9serves d’\u00e9nergie, l’azote est un constituant de compos\u00e9s organiques aussi divers que le Kevlar utilis\u00e9 dans les tissus \u00e0 haute r\u00e9sistance et le cyanoacrylate utilis\u00e9 dans la superglue.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n

H\u00e9lium et Azote – Comparaison dans le tableau<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>H\u00e9lium<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00c9l\u00e9ment<\/td>\nH\u00e9lium<\/strong><\/td>\nAzote<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Densit\u00e9<\/td>\n0,00018 g\/cm3<\/strong><\/td>\n0,00125 g\/cm3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction ultime<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Limite d’\u00e9lasticit\u00e9<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Module d’\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de Young<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c9chelle de Mohs<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Duret\u00e9 Brinell<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Duret\u00e9 Vickers<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Point de fusion<\/td>\n-272,2 \u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n-209,9 \u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Point d’\u00e9bullition<\/td>\n-268,9 \u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n-195,8 \u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Conductivit\u00e9 thermique<\/td>\n0,1513 W\/mK<\/strong><\/td>\n0,02598 W\/mK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coefficient de dilatation thermique<\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\nN \/ A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chaleur sp\u00e9cifique<\/td>\n5.193 J\/g\u00b7K<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1,04 J\/g\u00b7K<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Temp\u00e9rature de fusion<\/td>\n0,0138 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n(N2) 0,7204 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chaleur de vaporisation<\/td>\n0,0845 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n(N2) 5,56 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article contient une comparaison des principales propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermiques et atomiques de l’h\u00e9lium et de l’azote, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques comparables du tableau p\u00e9riodique. Il contient \u00e9galement des descriptions de base et des applications des deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments. H\u00e9lium contre Azote. Source\u00a0: www.luciteria.com H\u00e9lium<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00e9lium et Azote - Comparaison - Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s - Material Properties<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cet article contient une comparaison des principales propri\u00e9t\u00e9s thermiques et atomiques de l'h\u00e9lium et de l'azote, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques comparables du tableau p\u00e9riodique. 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