{"id":116271,"date":"2022-05-11T14:51:44","date_gmt":"2022-05-11T13:51:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/quest-ce-quun-superalliage-a-base-de-nickel-definition\/"},"modified":"2022-05-18T08:27:40","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T07:27:40","slug":"quest-ce-quun-superalliage-a-base-de-nickel-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-superalliage-a-base-de-nickel-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un superalliage \u00e0 base de nickel &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Les superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel constituent actuellement plus de 50 % du poids des moteurs d&rsquo;avions avanc\u00e9s.\u00a0Les superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel comprennent les alliages renforc\u00e9s en solution solide et les alliages durcissables par vieillissement.<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/superalloys-inconel-turbine-blade.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-29330\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/superalloys-inconel-turbine-blade-169x300.png\" alt=\"superalliages - inconel - aube de turbine\" width=\"169\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><span>Les superalliages<\/span><\/strong><span>, ou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>alliages hautes performances<\/span><\/strong><span>, sont des alliages non ferreux qui pr\u00e9sentent une\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/metals-what-are-metals\/steels-properties-of-steels\/strength-of-steels\/\"><span>r\u00e9sistance<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0et une stabilit\u00e9 de surface exceptionnelles\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature<\/span><\/strong><span>. Leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 fonctionner en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 une fraction \u00e9lev\u00e9e de leur point de fusion (jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 85 % de leurs points de fusion (T<\/span><sub><span>m<\/span><\/sub><span>) exprim\u00e9s en degr\u00e9s Kelvin, 0,85) est leur principale caract\u00e9ristique.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Les superalliages<\/span><\/strong><span> sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 540 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F), car \u00e0 ces temp\u00e9ratures, les alliages d&rsquo;acier et de titane ordinaires perdent leurs forces, la corrosion est \u00e9galement courante dans les aciers \u00e0 cette temp\u00e9rature. A haute temp\u00e9rature, les superalliages conservent leur r\u00e9sistance m\u00e9canique, leur r\u00e9sistance au\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/creep-material-creep\/\"><strong><span>fluage thermique<\/span><\/strong><\/a> <span>d\u00e9formation, stabilit\u00e9 de surface et r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;oxydation. Certains superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel peuvent r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1200 \u00b0C, selon la composition de l&rsquo;alliage. Les superalliages sont souvent coul\u00e9s sous forme de monocristal, tandis que les joints de grains peuvent fournir de la r\u00e9sistance, ils diminuent la r\u00e9sistance au fluage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans les turbocompresseurs de moteurs \u00e0 pistons d&rsquo;avions.\u00a0Aujourd&rsquo;hui, l&rsquo;application la plus courante concerne\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>les composants de turbines d&rsquo;avions<\/span><\/strong><span>, qui doivent r\u00e9sister \u00e0 une exposition \u00e0 des environnements fortement oxydants et \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es pendant des p\u00e9riodes de temps raisonnables. Les applications actuelles incluent:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Turbines \u00e0 gaz pour avions<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Centrales \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 turbine \u00e0 vapeur<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Applications m\u00e9dicales<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>V\u00e9hicules spatiaux et moteurs de fus\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>\u00c9quipement de traitement thermique<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Centrales nucl\u00e9aires<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>Le nickel<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ment de base des superalliages, qui sont un groupe d&rsquo;alliages de nickel, de fer-nickel et de cobalt utilis\u00e9s dans les moteurs \u00e0 r\u00e9action.\u00a0Ces m\u00e9taux ont une excellente r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation par fluage thermique et conservent leur rigidit\u00e9, leur r\u00e9sistance, leur t\u00e9nacit\u00e9 et leur stabilit\u00e9 dimensionnelle \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que les autres mat\u00e9riaux de structure a\u00e9rospatiaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Superalloy-Inconel-718-composition.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29153\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Superalloy-Inconel-718-composition.png\" alt=\"Inconel 718\" width=\"680\" height=\"91\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span>Superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Les superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel constituent actuellement plus de 50 % du poids des moteurs d&rsquo;avions avanc\u00e9s.\u00a0Les superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel comprennent les alliages renforc\u00e9s en solution solide et les alliages durcissables par vieillissement.\u00a0Les alliages durcissables par vieillissement consistent en une matrice aust\u00e9nitique (fcc) dispers\u00e9e avec pr\u00e9cipitation coh\u00e9rente d&rsquo;un Ni\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>3<\/span><\/sub><span>(Al,Ti) interm\u00e9tallique de structure fcc.\u00a0Les superalliages \u00e0 base de Ni sont des alliages avec du nickel en tant qu&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ment d&rsquo;alliage principal qui sont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s comme mat\u00e9riau de lame dans les applications d\u00e9crites pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, plut\u00f4t que des superalliages \u00e0 base de Co ou de Fe.\u00a0Ce qui est important pour les superalliages \u00e0 base de Ni, c&rsquo;est leur r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e, leur r\u00e9sistance au fluage et \u00e0 la corrosion \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature.\u00a0Il est courant de couler des aubes de turbine sous forme solidifi\u00e9e directionnellement ou sous forme monocristalline.\u00a0Les aubes monocristallines sont principalement utilis\u00e9es dans la premi\u00e8re rang\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e9tage de turbine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Science des mat\u00e9riaux:<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>US Department of Energy, Material Science.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch.\u00a0Science et g\u00e9nie des mat\u00e9riaux : une introduction 9e \u00e9dition, Wiley ;\u00a09 \u00e9dition (4 d\u00e9cembre 2013), ISBN-13\u00a0: 978-1118324578.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>En ligneEberhart, Mark (2003).\u00a0Pourquoi les choses se cassent\u00a0: Comprendre le monde par la mani\u00e8re dont il se d\u00e9compose.\u00a0Harmonie.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4000-4760-4.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Gaskell, David R. (1995).\u00a0Introduction \u00e0 la thermodynamique des mat\u00e9riaux (4e \u00e9d.).\u00a0\u00c9ditions Taylor et Francis.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Gonz\u00e1lez-Vi\u00f1as, W. &amp; Mancini, HL (2004).\u00a0Une introduction \u00e0 la science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0Presse universitaire de Princeton.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-691-07097-1.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Ashby, Michael;\u00a0Hugh Shercliff;\u00a0David Cebon (2007).\u00a0Mat\u00e9riaux: ing\u00e9nierie, science, traitement et conception (1\u00e8re \u00e9d.).\u00a0Butterworth-Heinemann.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>JR Lamarsh, AJ Baratta, Introduction au g\u00e9nie nucl\u00e9aire, 3e \u00e9d., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN : 0-201-82498-1.<\/span><br \/>\n<span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>Voir ci-dessus:<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Superalliages<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/metals-what-are-metals\/alloys-composition-properties-of-metal-alloys\/superalloys\/\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-flat\" style=\"color:#606060;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#cccccc;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#606060;padding:7px 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-moz-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-webkit-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"><img src=\"icon : lien\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" \/> <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Superalliage \u00e0 base de nickel<\/span><\/strong><span>, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>donnez-nous un like<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0Superalliage \u00e0 base de nickel, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0donnez-nous un like\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;un superalliage \u00e0 base de nickel - D\u00e9finition | Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s mat\u00e9rielles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les superalliages \u00e0 base de nickel constituent actuellement plus de 50 % du poids des moteurs d&#039;avions avanc\u00e9s. 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