{"id":116820,"date":"2022-05-24T17:12:43","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T16:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/que-sont-les-unites-de-contrainte-et-de-deformation-definition\/"},"modified":"2022-05-25T09:26:53","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T08:26:53","slug":"que-sont-les-unites-de-contrainte-et-de-deformation-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/que-sont-les-unites-de-contrainte-et-de-deformation-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Que sont les unit\u00e9s de contrainte et de d\u00e9formation &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">La contrainte de traction est mesur\u00e9e en unit\u00e9s de force par unit\u00e9 de surface.\u00a0L&rsquo;unit\u00e9 est le newton par m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (N\/m^2), le kilogramme (force) par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (kg\/cm^2) ou le pascal.\u00a0La d\u00e9formation est une quantit\u00e9 sans dimension.<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/stress-mechanics.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-27622 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/stress-mechanics.png\" alt=\"stress - d\u00e9finition\" width=\"256\" height=\"177\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/stress-mechanics.png\" \/><\/a><\/b><span>La contrainte de traction est mesur\u00e9e en unit\u00e9s de force par unit\u00e9 de surface.\u00a0L&rsquo;unit\u00e9 est le newton par m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (N\/m^2), le kilogramme (force) par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (kg\/cm^2) ou le pascal.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>L&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de contrainte la plus couramment utilis\u00e9e est le pascal, qui est d\u00e9fini comme une force de 1N exerc\u00e9e sur une unit\u00e9 de surface.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>1 Pascal = 1 N\/m<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-60 lgc-tablet-grid-60 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>Cependant, pour la plupart des probl\u00e8mes d&rsquo;ing\u00e9nierie, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9 assez petite, il est donc pratique de travailler avec des multiples du pascal: le <\/span><strong><span>GPa<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>MPa<\/span><\/strong><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>1 MPa 10<\/span><sup><span>6<\/span><\/sup><span> N\/m<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>1 GPa 10<\/span><sup><span>9<\/span><\/sup><span> N\/m<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Yield-Strength-Ultimate-Tensile-Strength-Table-of-Materials.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-27807\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Yield-Strength-Ultimate-Tensile-Strength-Table-of-Materials.png\" alt=\"Limite d'\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 - R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction ultime - Tableau des mat\u00e9riaux\" width=\"349\" height=\"438\" \/><\/a><span>La r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction ultime (UTS) d&rsquo;un mat\u00e9riau est la force par unit\u00e9 de surface \u00e0 laquelle il se casse en deux.\u00a0La contrainte de traction est le type de contrainte dans lequel les deux sections de mat\u00e9riau de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 d&rsquo;un plan de contrainte ont tendance \u00e0 s&rsquo;\u00e9carter ou \u00e0 s&rsquo;allonger.\u00a0La capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un mat\u00e9riau ou d&rsquo;une structure \u00e0 supporter des charges tendant \u00e0 s&rsquo;allonger est appel\u00e9e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>r\u00e9sistance ultime \u00e0 la traction (UTS)<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0La r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction ultime est mesur\u00e9e par la contrainte maximale qu&rsquo;un mat\u00e9riau peut supporter lorsqu&rsquo;il est \u00e9tir\u00e9 ou tir\u00e9 avant de se rompre.\u00a0Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de la r\u00e9sistance des mat\u00e9riaux, la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction, la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la compression et la r\u00e9sistance au cisaillement peuvent \u00eatre analys\u00e9es ind\u00e9pendamment.\u00a0Parce que les charges de traction et de compression produisent des contraintes qui agissent \u00e0 travers un plan, dans une direction perpendiculaire (normale) au plan, les contraintes de traction et de compression sont appel\u00e9es <\/span><b><span>contraintes normales<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>La d\u00e9formation<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est une quantit\u00e9 sans dimension qui exprime un changement dimensionnel proportionnel (intensit\u00e9 ou degr\u00e9 de distorsion) et est mesur\u00e9e comme la d\u00e9formation totale (allongement) par longueur de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de mat\u00e9riau due \u00e0 une contrainte appliqu\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/strain-mechanics.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27621 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/strain-mechanics.png\" alt=\"souche - d\u00e9finition\" width=\"245\" height=\"189\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/strain-mechanics.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>References :<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><strong><span>Science des mat\u00e9riaux:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch.\u00a0Science et g\u00e9nie des mat\u00e9riaux : une introduction 9e \u00e9dition, Wiley ;\u00a09 \u00e9dition (4 d\u00e9cembre 2013), ISBN-13\u00a0: 978-1118324578.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>En ligneEberhart, Mark (2003).\u00a0Pourquoi les choses se cassent\u00a0: Comprendre le monde par la mani\u00e8re dont il se d\u00e9compose.\u00a0Harmonie.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4000-4760-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gaskell, David R. (1995).\u00a0Introduction \u00e0 la thermodynamique des mat\u00e9riaux (4e \u00e9d.).\u00a0\u00c9ditions Taylor et Francis.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gonz\u00e1lez-Vi\u00f1as, W. &amp; Mancini, HL (2004).\u00a0Une introduction \u00e0 la science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0Presse universitaire de Princeton.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-691-07097-1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ashby, Michael;\u00a0Hugh Shercliff;\u00a0David Cebon (2007).\u00a0Mat\u00e9riaux: ing\u00e9nierie, science, traitement et conception (1\u00e8re \u00e9d.).\u00a0Butterworth-Heinemann.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>JR Lamarsh, AJ Baratta, Introduction au g\u00e9nie nucl\u00e9aire, 3e \u00e9d., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN : 0-201-82498-1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Voir au dessus:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Force<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/strength\/\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-flat\" style=\"color:#606060;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#cccccc;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#606060;padding:7px 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-moz-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-webkit-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"><img src=\"icon : lien\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" \/> <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Unit\u00e9s de stress et de d\u00e9formation<\/span><\/strong><span>, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>donnez-nous un like<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0Unit\u00e9s de stress et de d\u00e9formation, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0donnez-nous un like\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Que sont les unit\u00e9s de contrainte et de d\u00e9formation - D\u00e9finition | Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s mat\u00e9rielles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La contrainte de traction est mesur\u00e9e en unit\u00e9s de force par unit\u00e9 de surface. L&#039;unit\u00e9 est le newton par m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (N\/m^2), le kilogramme (force) par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (kg\/cm^2) ou le pascal. La d\u00e9formation est une quantit\u00e9 sans dimension.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/que-sont-les-unites-de-contrainte-et-de-deformation-definition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Que sont les unit\u00e9s de contrainte et de d\u00e9formation - D\u00e9finition | Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s mat\u00e9rielles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La contrainte de traction est mesur\u00e9e en unit\u00e9s de force par unit\u00e9 de surface. L&#039;unit\u00e9 est le newton par m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (N\/m^2), le kilogramme (force) par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 (kg\/cm^2) ou le pascal. 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