{"id":116837,"date":"2022-05-24T19:04:53","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T18:04:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-hooke-contrainte-de-cisaillement-definition\/"},"modified":"2022-05-25T13:36:26","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T12:36:26","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-hooke-contrainte-de-cisaillement-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-hooke-contrainte-de-cisaillement-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la loi de Hooke &#8211; Contrainte de cisaillement &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Nous pouvons \u00e9tendre la m\u00eame id\u00e9e de relier la contrainte \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation aux applications de cisaillement dans la r\u00e9gion lin\u00e9aire, en reliant la contrainte de cisaillement \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation de cisaillement pour cr\u00e9er la loi de Hooke pour la contrainte de cisaillement.<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shear-stress-figure.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-27810\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shear-stress-figure.png\" alt=\"contrainte de cisaillement\" width=\"132\" height=\"271\" \/><\/a><span>En cas de contrainte de traction d&rsquo;une barre uniforme (courbe contrainte-d\u00e9formation), la\u00a0<\/span><b><span>loi de Hooke<\/span><\/b><span>\u00a0d\u00e9crit le comportement d&rsquo;une barre dans la r\u00e9gion \u00e9lastique.\u00a0Dans cette r\u00e9gion, l&rsquo;allongement de la barre est directement proportionnel \u00e0 la force de traction et \u00e0 la longueur de la barre et inversement proportionnel \u00e0 la section transversale et au\u00a0<\/span><b><span>module d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9<\/span><\/b><span>.\u00a0Jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 une contrainte limite, une caisse pourra retrouver ses dimensions au retrait de la charge.\u00a0Les contraintes appliqu\u00e9es font que les atomes d&rsquo;un cristal se d\u00e9placent de leur position d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre.\u00a0Tous les atomes sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s de la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 et conservent toujours leur g\u00e9om\u00e9trie relative.\u00a0Lorsque les contraintes sont supprim\u00e9es, tous les atomes reviennent \u00e0 leur position d&rsquo;origine et aucune d\u00e9formation permanente ne se produit.\u00a0Selon la\u00a0<\/span><b><span>loi de Hooke, <\/span><\/b><span>la contrainte est proportionnelle \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation (dans la r\u00e9gion \u00e9lastique) et la pente est\u00a0<\/span><b><span>le module de Young<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hookes-law-equation.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27811\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hookes-law-equation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"164\" \/><\/a><span>Nous pouvons \u00e9tendre la m\u00eame id\u00e9e de relier la contrainte \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation aux applications de cisaillement dans la r\u00e9gion lin\u00e9aire, en reliant la contrainte de cisaillement \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation de cisaillement pour cr\u00e9er\u00a0<\/span><b><span>la loi de Hooke pour la contrainte de cisaillement<\/span><\/b><span>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hooke\u2019s-law-for-shear-stress.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27830\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hooke\u2019s-law-for-shear-stress.png\" alt=\"Loi de Hooke pour la contrainte de cisaillement\" width=\"248\" height=\"136\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Pour les mat\u00e9riaux isotropes dans la r\u00e9gion \u00e9lastique, vous pouvez relier le coefficient de Poisson (\u03bd), le module d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de Young (E) et le module d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de cisaillement (G):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hooke\u2019s-law-poissons-ratio.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27829\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Hooke\u2019s-law-poissons-ratio.png\" alt=\"Loi de Hooke - rapport poissons\" width=\"270\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span>Module d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de cisaillement<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Le module de cisaillement, ou module de rigidit\u00e9, est d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de la torsion d&rsquo;une \u00e9prouvette cylindrique.\u00a0Il d\u00e9crit la r\u00e9ponse du mat\u00e9riau \u00e0 la contrainte de cisaillement.\u00a0Son symbole est G. Le module de cisaillement est l&rsquo;une des nombreuses quantit\u00e9s permettant de mesurer la rigidit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux et il appara\u00eet dans la loi de Hooke g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shear-stress-equation.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-27812\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shear-stress-equation.png\" alt=\"contrainte de cisaillement - \u00e9quation\" width=\"270\" height=\"169\" \/><\/a><span>Contrainte de cisaillement<\/span><\/b><span>.\u00a0La contrainte de cisaillement existe lorsque deux parties d&rsquo;un mat\u00e9riau ont tendance \u00e0 glisser l&rsquo;une sur l&rsquo;autre dans n&rsquo;importe quel plan de cisaillement typique lors de l&rsquo;application d&rsquo;une force parall\u00e8le \u00e0 ce plan.\u00a0La torsion est une variation du cisaillement pur dans laquelle un \u00e9l\u00e9ment structurel est tordu.\u00a0Les forces de torsion produisent un mouvement de rotation autour de l&rsquo;axe longitudinal d&rsquo;une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ment par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre extr\u00e9mit\u00e9.\u00a0La contrainte de cisaillement est \u00e9galement d&rsquo;une grande importance dans la nature, \u00e9tant intimement li\u00e9e au mouvement descendant des mat\u00e9riaux terrestres (comme dans le cas des avalanches).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span>D\u00e9formations de cisaillement.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span>Une d\u00e9formation de cisaillement r\u00e9sulte d&rsquo;une contrainte de cisaillement et c&rsquo;est une d\u00e9formation calcul\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9placements relatifs mesur\u00e9s parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 deux plans de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.\u00a0Les d\u00e9formations de cisaillement mesurent le mouvement parall\u00e8le relatif d&rsquo;un plan de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence par rapport \u00e0 un autre.\u00a0Le symbole de la d\u00e9formation de cisaillement est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le symbole grec minuscule gamma (\u03b3).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Dans de nombreuses situations, la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 est utilis\u00e9e pour identifier la contrainte admissible \u00e0 laquelle un mat\u00e9riau peut \u00eatre soumis.\u00a0Pour les composants devant r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des pressions \u00e9lev\u00e9es, comme ceux utilis\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9acteurs \u00e0 eau sous pression (REP), ce crit\u00e8re n&rsquo;est pas suffisant.\u00a0Pour couvrir ces situations, la <\/span><b><span>th\u00e9orie de la contrainte de cisaillement maximale<\/span><\/b><span> de rupture a \u00e9t\u00e9 incorpor\u00e9e dans le code ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Pressure Vessels.\u00a0Cette th\u00e9orie stipule que la d\u00e9faillance d&rsquo;un composant de tuyauterie se produit lorsque la contrainte de cisaillement maximale d\u00e9passe la contrainte de cisaillement au point d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;un essai de traction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>References :<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><strong><span>Science des mat\u00e9riaux:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch.\u00a0Science et g\u00e9nie des mat\u00e9riaux : une introduction 9e \u00e9dition, Wiley ;\u00a09 \u00e9dition (4 d\u00e9cembre 2013), ISBN-13\u00a0: 978-1118324578.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>En ligneEberhart, Mark (2003).\u00a0Pourquoi les choses se cassent\u00a0: Comprendre le monde par la mani\u00e8re dont il se d\u00e9compose.\u00a0Harmonie.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4000-4760-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gaskell, David R. (1995).\u00a0Introduction \u00e0 la thermodynamique des mat\u00e9riaux (4e \u00e9d.).\u00a0\u00c9ditions Taylor et Francis.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gonzalez-Vi\u00f1as, W. &amp; Mancini, HL (2004).\u00a0Une introduction \u00e0 la science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0Presse universitaire de Princeton.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-691-07097-1<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ashby, Michael;\u00a0Hugh Shercliff;\u00a0David Cebon (2007).\u00a0Mat\u00e9riaux: ing\u00e9nierie, science, traitement et conception (1\u00e8re \u00e9d.).\u00a0Butterworth-Heinemann.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>JR Lamarsh, AJ Baratta, Introduction au g\u00e9nie nucl\u00e9aire, 3e \u00e9d., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN : 0-201-82498-1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Voir au dessus:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Loi de Hooke<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/strength\/hookes-law\/\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-flat\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#cccccc;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:7px 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-moz-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-webkit-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"><img src=\"icon : lien\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" \/> <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Loi de Hooke &#8211; Contrainte de cisaillement<\/span><\/strong><span>, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>donnez-nous un like<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0Loi de Hooke &#8211; Contrainte de cisaillement, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0donnez-nous un like\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - 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