{"id":116843,"date":"2022-05-24T20:33:28","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T19:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/quest-ce-que-la-limite-delasticite-limite-delasticite-definition\/"},"modified":"2022-05-25T13:45:46","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T12:45:46","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-limite-delasticite-limite-delasticite-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-limite-delasticite-limite-delasticite-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 &#8211; Limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Yield strength or yield stress is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins. Yield strength<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div>\n<div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><b><br \/>\n<\/b>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Stress-strain-curve-Strength-of-Materials.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-27803\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Stress-strain-curve-Strength-of-Materials.png\" alt=\"Courbe contrainte-d\u00e9formation - R\u00e9sistance des mat\u00e9riaux\" width=\"467\" height=\"409\" \/><\/a><\/strong><span>Un diagramme sch\u00e9matique de la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>courbe contrainte-d\u00e9formation<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de l&rsquo;acier \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans la figure.\u00a0Il existe plusieurs \u00e9tapes montrant des comportements diff\u00e9rents, ce qui sugg\u00e8re des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques diff\u00e9rentes.\u00a0Pour clarifier, les mat\u00e9riaux peuvent manquer une ou plusieurs \u00e9tapes indiqu\u00e9es sur la figure, ou avoir des \u00e9tapes totalement diff\u00e9rentes.\u00a0Dans ce cas, nous devons faire la distinction entre les caract\u00e9ristiques de contrainte-d\u00e9formation des mat\u00e9riaux\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ductiles<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>fragiles<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Les points suivants d\u00e9crivent les diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions de la courbe contrainte-d\u00e9formation et l&rsquo;importance de plusieurs emplacements sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 &#8211; Limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Yield-Strength-Ultimate-Tensile-Strength-Table-of-Materials.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-27807\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Yield-Strength-Ultimate-Tensile-Strength-Table-of-Materials.png\" alt=\"Limite d'\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 - R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction ultime - Tableau des mat\u00e9riaux\" width=\"349\" height=\"438\" \/><\/a><span>La limite d&rsquo;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9lasticit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est le point sur une courbe contrainte-d\u00e9formation qui indique la limite du comportement \u00e9lastique et le d\u00e9but du comportement plastique.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>La<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0<strong>limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9<\/strong> ou la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 est la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riau d\u00e9finie comme la contrainte \u00e0 laquelle un mat\u00e9riau commence \u00e0 se d\u00e9former plastiquement, tandis que la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 est le point o\u00f9 la d\u00e9formation non lin\u00e9aire (\u00e9lastique + plastique) commence.\u00a0Avant la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9, le mat\u00e9riau se d\u00e9forme \u00e9lastiquement et reprend sa forme d&rsquo;origine lorsque la contrainte appliqu\u00e9e est supprim\u00e9e.\u00a0Une fois la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 d\u00e9pass\u00e9e, une partie de la d\u00e9formation sera permanente et irr\u00e9versible.\u00a0Certains aciers et autres mat\u00e9riaux pr\u00e9sentent un comportement appel\u00e9 ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9.\u00a0Les limites d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 varient de 35 MPa pour un aluminium \u00e0 faible r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 plus de 1400 MPa pour les aciers \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute r\u00e9sistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dans de nombreuses situations, la limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 est utilis\u00e9e pour identifier la contrainte admissible \u00e0 laquelle un mat\u00e9riau peut \u00eatre soumis.\u00a0Pour les composants devant r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des pressions \u00e9lev\u00e9es, comme ceux utilis\u00e9s dans les r\u00e9acteurs \u00e0 eau sous pression (REP), ce crit\u00e8re n&rsquo;est pas suffisant.\u00a0Pour couvrir ces situations, la <\/span><b><span>th\u00e9orie de la contrainte de cisaillement maximale<\/span><\/b><span> de rupture a \u00e9t\u00e9 incorpor\u00e9e dans le code ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Pressure Vessels.\u00a0Cette th\u00e9orie stipule que la d\u00e9faillance d&rsquo;un composant de tuyauterie se produit lorsque la contrainte de cisaillement maximale d\u00e9passe la contrainte de cisaillement au point d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;un essai de traction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span><div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pS2HSTwHpSw?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>References :<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><strong><span>Science des mat\u00e9riaux:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch.\u00a0Science et g\u00e9nie des mat\u00e9riaux : une introduction 9e \u00e9dition, Wiley ;\u00a09 \u00e9dition (4 d\u00e9cembre 2013), ISBN-13\u00a0: 978-1118324578.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>En ligneEberhart, Mark (2003).\u00a0Pourquoi les choses se cassent\u00a0: Comprendre le monde par la mani\u00e8re dont il se d\u00e9compose.\u00a0Harmonie.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4000-4760-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gaskell, David R. (1995).\u00a0Introduction \u00e0 la thermodynamique des mat\u00e9riaux (4e \u00e9d.).\u00a0\u00c9ditions Taylor et Francis.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Gonzalez-Vi\u00f1as, W. &amp; Mancini, HL (2004).\u00a0Une introduction \u00e0 la science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0Presse universitaire de Princeton.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-691-07097-1<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ashby, Michael;\u00a0Hugh Shercliff;\u00a0David Cebon (2007).\u00a0Mat\u00e9riaux: ing\u00e9nierie, science, traitement et conception (1\u00e8re \u00e9d.).\u00a0Butterworth-Heinemann.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>JR Lamarsh, AJ Baratta, Introduction au g\u00e9nie nucl\u00e9aire, 3e \u00e9d., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN : 0-201-82498-1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Voir au dessus:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Courbe contrainte-d\u00e9formation<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/strength\/stress-strain-curve-stress-strain-diagram\/\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-flat\" style=\"color:#606060;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#cccccc;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#606060;padding:7px 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-moz-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-webkit-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"><img src=\"icon : lien\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" \/> <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 &#8211; Point<\/span><\/strong><span> d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>donnez-nous un like<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0Limite d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 &#8211; Point d&rsquo;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0donnez-nous un like\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L&rsquo;objectif principal de ce site Web est d&rsquo;aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la limite d&#039;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 - Limite d&#039;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 - D\u00e9finition | Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s mat\u00e9rielles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La limite d&#039;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 ou la limite d&#039;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 est la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riau d\u00e9finie comme la contrainte \u00e0 laquelle un mat\u00e9riau commence \u00e0 se d\u00e9former plastiquement, tandis que la limite d&#039;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 est le point o\u00f9 la d\u00e9formation non lin\u00e9aire (\u00e9lastique + plastique) commence. 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