{"id":116955,"date":"2022-05-25T18:06:19","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T17:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/quest-ce-que-la-liaison-hydrogene-definition\/"},"modified":"2022-05-31T07:23:08","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T06:23:08","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-liaison-hydrogene-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-liaison-hydrogene-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu’est-ce que la liaison hydrog\u00e8ne – D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une liaison hydrog\u00e8ne peut \u00eatre intermol\u00e9culaire (se produisant entre des mol\u00e9cules distinctes) ou intramol\u00e9culaire (se produisant entre des parties d’une m\u00eame mol\u00e9cule).<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

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Une\u00a0<\/span>liaison chimique<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0est une attraction durable entre ces atomes, ions ou mol\u00e9cules qui permet la formation de compos\u00e9s chimiques.\u00a0La liaison peut r\u00e9sulter de la force \u00e9lectrostatique d’attraction entre des ions charg\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re oppos\u00e9e comme dans les liaisons ioniques ou par le partage d’\u00e9lectrons comme dans les liaisons covalentes.\u00a0Par cons\u00e9quent, la\u00a0<\/span>force \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique<\/span><\/a>\u00a0joue un r\u00f4le majeur dans la d\u00e9termination des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s internes de la plupart des objets rencontr\u00e9s dans la vie quotidienne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Liaison hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"liaison<\/a>Une\u00a0<\/span>liaison hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0peut \u00eatre intermol\u00e9culaire (se produisant entre des mol\u00e9cules distinctes) ou intramol\u00e9culaire (se produisant entre des parties de la m\u00eame mol\u00e9cule).\u00a0La liaison hydrog\u00e8ne est une force d’attraction principalement \u00e9lectrostatique entre un atome d’hydrog\u00e8ne (H) qui est li\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re covalente \u00e0 un atome ou un groupe plus \u00e9lectron\u00e9gatif.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un\u00a0<\/span>hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/a>\u00a0est un exemple fort d’interaction entre deux dip\u00f4les permanents.\u00a0La grande diff\u00e9rence d’\u00e9lectron\u00e9gativit\u00e9 entre l’hydrog\u00e8ne et le\u00a0<\/span>fluor<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>l’azote<\/span><\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/span>l’oxyg\u00e8ne<\/span><\/a>, coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 leurs paires d’\u00e9lectrons isol\u00e9s, provoque de fortes forces \u00e9lectrostatiques entre les mol\u00e9cules.\u00a0Un exemple omnipr\u00e9sent de liaison hydrog\u00e8ne se trouve entre les mol\u00e9cules d’eau.\u00a0<\/span>Les liaisons hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0sont responsables des points d’\u00e9bullition \u00e9lev\u00e9s de l’eau.\u00a0Chaque mol\u00e9cule H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O a deux atomes d’hydrog\u00e8ne qui peuvent se lier \u00e0 des atomes d’oxyg\u00e8ne.\u00a0De plus, son seul atome O peut se lier \u00e0 deux atomes d’hydrog\u00e8ne d’autres H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O mol\u00e9cules.\u00a0Ainsi, pour la glace solide, chaque mol\u00e9cule d’eau participe \u00e0 quatre liaisons hydrog\u00e8ne, contribuant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un r\u00e9seau hexagonal ouvert.\u00a0Le point d’\u00e9bullition \u00e9lev\u00e9 de l’eau liquide est d\u00fb au nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de liaisons hydrog\u00e8ne que chaque mol\u00e9cule peut former, par rapport \u00e0 sa faible masse mol\u00e9culaire.\u00a0En raison de la difficult\u00e9 de rompre ces liaisons, l’eau a un point d’\u00e9bullition, un point de fusion et une viscosit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 des liquides par ailleurs similaires non reli\u00e9s par des liaisons hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span>References :<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>Science des mat\u00e9riaux:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l’\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de l’\u00e9nergie, science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 et 2. Janvier 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch.\u00a0Science et g\u00e9nie des mat\u00e9riaux : une introduction 9e \u00e9dition, Wiley ;\u00a09 \u00e9dition (4 d\u00e9cembre 2013), ISBN-13\u00a0: 978-1118324578.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. En ligneEberhart, Mark (2003).\u00a0Pourquoi les choses se cassent\u00a0: Comprendre le monde par la mani\u00e8re dont il se d\u00e9compose.\u00a0Harmonie.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4000-4760-4.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Gaskell, David R. (1995).\u00a0Introduction \u00e0 la thermodynamique des mat\u00e9riaux (4e \u00e9d.).\u00a0\u00c9ditions Taylor et Francis.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Gonzalez-Vi\u00f1as, W. & Mancini, HL (2004).\u00a0Une introduction \u00e0 la science des mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0Presse universitaire de Princeton.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-691-07097-1<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Ashby, Michael;\u00a0Hugh Shercliff;\u00a0David Cebon (2007).\u00a0Mat\u00e9riaux: ing\u00e9nierie, science, traitement et conception (1\u00e8re \u00e9d.).\u00a0Butterworth-Heinemann.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. JR Lamarsh, AJ Baratta, Introduction au g\u00e9nie nucl\u00e9aire, 3e \u00e9d., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN : 0-201-82498-1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>

    <\/div>
    <\/div>
    <\/div><\/div>
    \n

    Voir au dessus:<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Liaison chimique\"\" <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>

    <\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0<\/span>Liaison hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/strong>, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0<\/span>donnez-nous un like<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L’objectif principal de ce site Web est d’aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article,\u00a0Liaison hydrog\u00e8ne, vous aidera.\u00a0Si oui,\u00a0donnez-nous un like\u00a0dans la barre lat\u00e9rale.\u00a0L’objectif principal de ce site Web est d’aider le public \u00e0 apprendre des informations int\u00e9ressantes et importantes sur les mat\u00e9riaux et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nQu'est-ce que la liaison hydrog\u00e8ne - D\u00e9finition | Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s mat\u00e9rielles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une liaison hydrog\u00e8ne peut \u00eatre intermol\u00e9culaire (se produisant entre des mol\u00e9cules distinctes) ou intramol\u00e9culaire (se produisant entre des parties de la m\u00eame mol\u00e9cule).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-liaison-hydrogene-definition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu'est-ce que la liaison hydrog\u00e8ne - 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