{"id":117286,"date":"2022-09-12T05:55:20","date_gmt":"2022-09-12T04:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/grafeno-tabela-de-materiais-aplicacoes-preco\/"},"modified":"2022-10-18T07:08:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T06:08:23","slug":"grafeno-tabela-de-materiais-aplicacoes-preco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/grafeno-tabela-de-materiais-aplicacoes-preco\/","title":{"rendered":"Grafeno &#8211; Tabela de Materiais &#8211; Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Pre\u00e7o"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span>Sobre o Grafeno<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>O grafeno \u00e9 um al\u00f3tropo de carbono que consiste em uma \u00fanica camada de \u00e1tomos dispostos hexagonalmente em uma rede bidimensional.\u00a0O grafeno \u00e9 uma subst\u00e2ncia com propriedades muito interessantes.\u00a0O grafeno possui alta condutividade t\u00e9rmica, alta condutividade el\u00e9trica, alta elasticidade e flexibilidade, alta dureza e resist\u00eancia.\u00a0Essas propriedades, juntamente com a abund\u00e2ncia de carbono na natureza, fizeram do grafeno um material muito estudado e com grandes possibilidades.\u00a0<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/graphene-properties-density-strength-price.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108376\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/graphene-properties-density-strength-price.png\" alt=\"pre\u00e7o da for\u00e7a da densidade das propriedades do grafeno\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/graphene-properties-density-strength-price.png 1000w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/graphene-properties-density-strength-price-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/graphene-properties-density-strength-price-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/graphene-properties-density-strength-price-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resumo<\/span><\/h3>\n<table class=\"a\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"b\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Nome<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>Grafeno<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Fase em STP<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>s\u00f3lido<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Densidade<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>2270 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>130000 MPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>For\u00e7a de rendimento<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>N\/D<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>M\u00f3dulo de elasticidade de Young<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>1000 GPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Dureza Brinell<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>N\/D<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Ponto de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>3697 \u00b0C<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>4000 W\/mK<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Capacidade de calor<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-align: start;\"><span>N\/D<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Pre\u00e7o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>100 $\/kg<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Composi\u00e7\u00e3o do Grafeno<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>O grafeno \u00e9 um material composto por agrupamentos de \u00e1tomos de carbono que est\u00e3o posicionados de forma hexagonal.\u00a0Este arranjo resulta em monocamadas de um \u00e1tomo de espessura.\u00a0Cada \u00e1tomo em uma folha de grafeno est\u00e1 conectado aos seus tr\u00eas vizinhos mais pr\u00f3ximos por uma liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u03c3 e contribui com um el\u00e9tron para uma banda de condu\u00e7\u00e3o que se estende por toda a folha.\u00a0<div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 50px;\"><span>100%<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Carbon-periodic-table.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-92294\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Carbon-periodic-table-150x150.png\" alt=\"Carbono na Tabela Peri\u00f3dica\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"> <\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es do Grafeno<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>O grafeno \u00e9 um condutor transparente e flex\u00edvel que \u00e9 uma grande promessa para v\u00e1rias aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de materiais\/dispositivos, incluindo c\u00e9lulas solares, diodos emissores de luz (LED), pain\u00e9is de toque e janelas ou telefones inteligentes.\u00a0Produtos para smartphones com telas de toque de grafeno j\u00e1 est\u00e3o no mercado.\u00a0No entanto, com os processos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o existentes, o grafeno \u00e9 extremamente desafiador para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o em massa, o que pode ser um fator limitante em seu uso comercial.\u00a0<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Propriedades Mec\u00e2nicas do Grafeno<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span>For\u00e7a do Grafeno<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Na mec\u00e2nica dos materiais, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>resist\u00eancia de um material<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 sua capacidade de suportar uma carga aplicada sem falha ou deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A resist\u00eancia dos materiais<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0considera basicamente a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cargas externas<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0aplicadas a um material e a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>deforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0resultante ou altera\u00e7\u00e3o nas dimens\u00f5es do material.\u00a0Ao projetar estruturas e m\u00e1quinas, \u00e9 importante considerar esses fatores, para que o material selecionado tenha resist\u00eancia adequada para resistir \u00e0s cargas ou for\u00e7as aplicadas e manter sua forma original.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>A resist\u00eancia de um material<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 sua capacidade de suportar esta carga aplicada sem falha ou deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica.\u00a0Para tens\u00e3o de tra\u00e7\u00e3o, a capacidade de um material ou estrutura de suportar cargas que tendem a se alongar \u00e9 conhecida como resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o final (UTS).\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-yield-strength-yield-point-definition\/\"><span>O limite de escoamento<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0ou tens\u00e3o de escoamento \u00e9 a propriedade do material definida como a tens\u00e3o na qual um material come\u00e7a a se deformar plasticamente, enquanto o ponto de escoamento \u00e9 o ponto onde a deforma\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o linear (el\u00e1stica + pl\u00e1stica) come\u00e7a.\u00a0No caso de tens\u00e3o tracional de uma barra uniforme (curva tens\u00e3o-deforma\u00e7\u00e3o), a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-hookes-law-definition\/\"><b><span>lei de Hooke<\/span><\/b><\/a><span>\u00a0descreve o comportamento de uma barra na regi\u00e3o el\u00e1stica.\u00a0O\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-youngs-modulus-of-elasticity-definition\/\"><span>m\u00f3dulo de elasticidade de Young<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<span>\u00e9 o m\u00f3dulo de elasticidade para tens\u00f5es de tra\u00e7\u00e3o e compress\u00e3o no regime de elasticidade linear de uma deforma\u00e7\u00e3o uniaxial e geralmente \u00e9 avaliado por ensaios de tra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-strength-definition\/\"><span>Resist\u00eancia dos Materiais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o final do Grafeno<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o final do Grafeno \u00e9 de 130.000 MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>For\u00e7a de rendimento do Grafeno<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>O limite de escoamento do Grafeno <\/span><span>\u00e9 N\/A.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>M\u00f3dulo de Elasticidade do Grafeno<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>O m\u00f3dulo de elasticidade de Young do Grafeno \u00e9 1000 GPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>Dureza do Grafeno<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Na ci\u00eancia dos materiais, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/hardness\/\"><strong><span>dureza<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> \u00e9 a capacidade de suportar <\/span><strong><span>o recuo da superf\u00edcie<\/span><\/strong><span> (<\/span><strong><span>deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica localizada<\/span><\/strong><span>) e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>arranh\u00f5es<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/hardness\/brinell-hardness-test\/\"><strong><span>O teste de dureza Brinell<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> \u00e9 um dos testes de dureza de indenta\u00e7\u00e3o, que foi desenvolvido para testes de dureza.\u00a0Nos testes Brinell, um <\/span><strong><span>penetrador esf\u00e9rico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0duro \u00e9 for\u00e7ado sob uma carga espec\u00edfica na superf\u00edcie do metal a ser testado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O <\/span><strong><span>n\u00famero de dureza Brinell<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(HB) \u00e9 a carga dividida pela \u00e1rea da superf\u00edcie da indenta\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0O di\u00e2metro da impress\u00e3o \u00e9 medido com um microsc\u00f3pio com uma escala sobreposta.\u00a0O n\u00famero de dureza Brinell \u00e9 calculado a partir da equa\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/brinell-hardness-number-definition.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-90677\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/brinell-hardness-number-definition.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/brinell-hardness-number-definition.png 320w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/brinell-hardness-number-definition-300x178.png 300w\" alt=\"n\u00famero de dureza brinell - defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"320\" height=\"190\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>A dureza Brinell do Grafeno \u00e9 aproximadamente N\/A.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-hardness-definition\/\"><span>Dureza dos Materiais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resist\u00eancia dos Materiais<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/strength-of-materials-tensile-yield\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108070 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Material-Table-Strength-of-Materials-300x182.png\" alt=\"Tabela de Materiais - Resist\u00eancia dos Materiais\" width=\"300\" height=\"182\" \/><\/a><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Elasticidade dos Materiais<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/elasticity-of-materials\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108080 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Material-Table-Elasticity-of-Materials-300x185.png\" alt=\"Tabela de Materiais - Elasticidade dos Materiais\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" \/><\/a><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Dureza dos Materiais<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/hardness-of-materials-brinell-mohs\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108085 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Material-Table-Hardness-of-Materials-300x182.png\" alt=\"Tabela de Materiais - Dureza dos Materiais\" width=\"300\" height=\"182\" \/><\/a><span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Propriedades t\u00e9rmicas do Grafeno<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span>Grafeno &#8211; Ponto de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span>O ponto de fus\u00e3o do Grafeno \u00e9 3697 <\/span><\/strong><strong><span>\u00b0C<\/span><\/strong><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Observe que esses pontos est\u00e3o associados \u00e0 press\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica padr\u00e3o.\u00a0Em geral, a <\/span><strong><span>fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mudan\u00e7a de fase<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de uma subst\u00e2ncia da fase s\u00f3lida para a l\u00edquida.\u00a0O <\/span><strong><span>ponto de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span> de uma subst\u00e2ncia \u00e9 a temperatura na qual essa mudan\u00e7a de fase ocorre.\u00a0O <\/span><strong><span>ponto de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m define uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o na qual o s\u00f3lido e o l\u00edquido podem existir em equil\u00edbrio.\u00a0Para v\u00e1rios compostos qu\u00edmicos e ligas, \u00e9 dif\u00edcil definir o ponto de fus\u00e3o, pois geralmente s\u00e3o uma mistura de v\u00e1rios elementos qu\u00edmicos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>Grafeno &#8211; Condutividade T\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>A condutividade t\u00e9rmica do Grafeno \u00e9 de <\/span><strong><span>4000\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>W\/(m\u00b7K)<\/span><\/strong><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As caracter\u00edsticas de transfer\u00eancia de calor de um material s\u00f3lido s\u00e3o medidas por uma propriedade chamada <\/span><strong><span>condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span>, k (ou \u03bb), medida em\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>W\/mK<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0\u00c9 uma medida da capacidade de uma subst\u00e2ncia de transferir calor atrav\u00e9s de um material por <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/what-is-thermal-conduction-heat-conduction-definition\/\"><span>condu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>.\u00a0Observe que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/what-is-fouriers-law-of-thermal-conduction-definition\/\"><strong><span>a lei de Fourier<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0se aplica a toda mat\u00e9ria, independentemente de seu estado (s\u00f3lido, l\u00edquido ou gasoso), portanto, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 definida para l\u00edquidos e gases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/what-is-thermal-conductivity-definition\/\"><strong><span>condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> da maioria dos l\u00edquidos e s\u00f3lidos varia com a temperatura.\u00a0Para vapores, tamb\u00e9m depende da press\u00e3o.\u00a0No geral:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/thermal-conductivity-definition.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-88793\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/thermal-conductivity-definition.png\" alt=\"condutividade t\u00e9rmica - defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"225\" height=\"75\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>A maioria dos materiais s\u00e3o quase homog\u00eaneos, portanto, geralmente podemos escrever <\/span><strong><em><span>k = k(T)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Defini\u00e7\u00f5es semelhantes est\u00e3o associadas a condutividades t\u00e9rmicas nas dire\u00e7\u00f5es y e z (ky, kz), mas para um material isotr\u00f3pico a condutividade t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 independente da dire\u00e7\u00e3o de transfer\u00eancia, kx = ky = kz = k.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>Grafeno &#8211; Calor Espec\u00edfico<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span>O calor espec\u00edfico do Grafeno \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><strong><span>509 J\/g<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0<strong>K<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Calor espec\u00edfico, ou capacidade calor\u00edfica espec\u00edfica, <\/span><\/strong><span>\u00e9 uma propriedade relacionada \u00e0\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/what-is-internal-energy-thermal-energy-definition\/\">energia interna<\/a><\/strong> que \u00e9 muito importante na termodin\u00e2mica.\u00a0As <strong>propriedades intensivas <\/strong><strong><em>c<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub>v<\/sub><\/em><\/strong> e\u00a0<strong><em>c<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub>p<\/sub><\/em><\/strong> s\u00e3o definidas para subst\u00e2ncias compress\u00edveis puras simples como derivadas parciais da <strong>energia interna <\/strong><strong><em>u(T, v)<\/em><\/strong> e\u00a0<strong>entalpia\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em>h(T, p)<\/em><\/strong>, respectivamente:<\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Heat-at-Constant-Volume-and-Constant-Pressure.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-87689\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Heat-at-Constant-Volume-and-Constant-Pressure.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"106\" height=\"138\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>onde os subscritos <\/span><strong><span>v<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0denotam as vari\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmantidas fixas durante a diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0As propriedades <\/span><strong><span>c<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub> <\/strong><span>e <\/span><strong><span>c<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o chamadas de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calores espec\u00edficos <\/span><\/strong><span>(ou <\/span><strong><span>capacidades t\u00e9rmicas<\/span><\/strong><span>) porque, sob certas condi\u00e7\u00f5es especiais, elas relacionam a mudan\u00e7a de temperatura de um sistema com a quantidade de energia adicionada pela transfer\u00eancia de calor.\u00a0Suas unidades no SI s\u00e3o <\/span><strong><span>J\/kg K<\/span><\/strong><span> ou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>J\/mol K<\/span><\/strong><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Ponto de fus\u00e3o dos Materiais<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/melting-point-of-materials\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108050 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Material-Table-Metling-Point-300x183.png\" alt=\"Tabela de Materiais - Ponto de Fus\u00e3o\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" \/><\/a><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Condutividade T\u00e9rmica dos Materiais<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thermal-conductivity-of-materials\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108055 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Material-Table-Thermal-Conductivity-300x180.png\" alt=\"Tabela de Materiais - Condutividade T\u00e9rmica\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Capacidade de Calor dos Materiais<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/heat-capacity-of-materials\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-108063 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Material-Table-Heat-Capacity-300x179.png\" alt=\"Tabela de Materiais - Capacidade de Calor\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h3>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Propriedades e pre\u00e7os de outros materiais<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>tabela de materiais em resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de 8k<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:20px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sobre o Grafeno O grafeno \u00e9 um al\u00f3tropo de carbono que consiste em uma \u00fanica camada de \u00e1tomos dispostos hexagonalmente em uma rede bidimensional.\u00a0O grafeno \u00e9 uma subst\u00e2ncia com propriedades muito interessantes.\u00a0O grafeno possui alta condutividade t\u00e9rmica, alta condutividade el\u00e9trica, alta elasticidade e flexibilidade, alta dureza e resist\u00eancia.\u00a0Essas propriedades, juntamente com a abund\u00e2ncia de carbono &#8230; <a title=\"Grafeno &#8211; Tabela de Materiais &#8211; Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Pre\u00e7o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/grafeno-tabela-de-materiais-aplicacoes-preco\/\">Ler mais&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Grafeno | Propriedades, Pre\u00e7o e Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o | Propriedades do Material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O grafeno \u00e9 um al\u00f3tropo de carbono que consiste em uma \u00fanica camada de \u00e1tomos dispostos hexagonalmente em uma rede bidimensional. 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