{"id":118215,"date":"2022-10-26T16:01:03","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T15:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thorium-propriedades-preco-aplicacoes-producao\/"},"modified":"2022-11-07T12:58:59","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T11:58:59","slug":"thorium-propriedades-preco-aplicacoes-producao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/thorium-propriedades-preco-aplicacoes-producao\/","title":{"rendered":"Thorium &#8211; Propriedades &#8211; Pre\u00e7o &#8211; Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Produ\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-properties-price-application-production.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-properties-price-application-production.png\" alt=\"Thorium-propriedades-pre\u00e7o-aplica\u00e7\u00e3o-produ\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Sobre T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>O metal t\u00f3rio \u00e9 prateado e fica preto quando exposto ao ar, formando o di\u00f3xido.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 moderadamente duro, male\u00e1vel e possui alto ponto de fus\u00e3o.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 um elemento de ocorr\u00eancia natural e estima-se que seja cerca de tr\u00eas vezes mais abundante que o ur\u00e2nio.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 comumente encontrado em areias de monazita (metais de terras raras contendo mineral fosfato).<\/span><br \/>\n<span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resumo<\/span><\/h3>\n<table class=\"a\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"b\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Elemento<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>N\u00famero at\u00f4mico<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>90<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Categoria do elemento<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>Metal de terras raras<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Fase em STP<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>S\u00f3lido<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Densidade<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>11,724 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>220 MPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>For\u00e7a de rendimento<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>144 MPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>M\u00f3dulo de elasticidade de Young<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>79 GPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Escala de Mohs<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>3<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Dureza Brinell<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>400 MPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Dureza Vickers<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>350 MPa<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Ponto de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>1750 \u00b0C<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>4790 \u00b0C<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>54 W\/mK<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Coeficiente de Expans\u00e3o T\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>11 \u00b5m\/mK<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Calor espec\u00edfico<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-align: start;\"><span>0,12 J\/gK<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Calor de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-align: start;\"><span>13,8 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Calor da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-align: start;\"><span>514,4 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resistividade el\u00e9trica [nanoOhm meter]<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>157<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Suscetibilidade Magn\u00e9tica<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span>+132e-6 cm<sup>3<\/sup>\/mol<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><br \/>\n<span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-60 lgc-tablet-grid-60 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A maioria das aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de t\u00f3rio usa seu di\u00f3xido (\u00e0s vezes chamado de &#8220;thoria&#8221; na ind\u00fastria), em vez do metal.\u00a0Este composto tem um ponto de fus\u00e3o de 3300 \u00b0C (6000 \u00b0F), o mais alto de todos os \u00f3xidos conhecidos;\u00a0apenas algumas subst\u00e2ncias t\u00eam pontos de fus\u00e3o mais altos.[46]\u00a0Isso ajuda o composto a permanecer s\u00f3lido na chama e aumenta consideravelmente o brilho da chama;\u00a0esta \u00e9 a principal raz\u00e3o pela qual o t\u00f3rio \u00e9 usado em mantas de l\u00e2mpadas a g\u00e1s.\u00a0Todas as subst\u00e2ncias emitem energia (brilho) em altas temperaturas, mas a luz emitida pelo t\u00f3rio est\u00e1 quase toda no espectro vis\u00edvel, da\u00ed o brilho dos mantos de t\u00f3rio.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 um importante agente de liga no magn\u00e9sio, pois confere maior resist\u00eancia e resist\u00eancia \u00e0 flu\u00eancia em altas temperaturas.\u00a0O \u00f3xido de t\u00f3rio \u00e9 usado como catalisador industrial.\u00a0Outros usos para o t\u00f3rio incluem cer\u00e2mica resistente ao calor, motores de aeronaves,\u00a0e em l\u00e2mpadas.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio pode ser usado como fonte de energia nuclear.\u00a0\u00c9 cerca de tr\u00eas vezes mais abundante que o ur\u00e2nio e t\u00e3o abundante quanto o chumbo, e provavelmente h\u00e1 mais energia dispon\u00edvel do t\u00f3rio do que do ur\u00e2nio e dos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.\u00a0232Th \u00e9 um is\u00f3topo f\u00e9rtil.\u00a0232Th n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de sofrer rea\u00e7\u00e3o de fiss\u00e3o ap\u00f3s absorver n\u00eautrons t\u00e9rmicos, por outro lado 232Th pode ser fissionado por n\u00eautrons r\u00e1pidos com energia superior a &gt;1MeV.\u00a0A \u00cdndia e a China est\u00e3o desenvolvendo usinas nucleares com reatores de t\u00f3rio, mas essa ainda \u00e9 uma tecnologia muito nova.\u00a0Anteriormente, o di\u00f3xido de t\u00f3rio era adicionado ao vidro durante a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o para aumentar o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, produzindo vidro toriado para uso em lentes de c\u00e2mera de alta qualidade.\u00a0\u00c9 cerca de tr\u00eas vezes mais abundante que o ur\u00e2nio e t\u00e3o abundante quanto o chumbo, e provavelmente h\u00e1 mais energia dispon\u00edvel do t\u00f3rio do que do ur\u00e2nio e dos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.\u00a0232Th \u00e9 um is\u00f3topo f\u00e9rtil.\u00a0232Th n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de sofrer rea\u00e7\u00e3o de fiss\u00e3o ap\u00f3s absorver n\u00eautrons t\u00e9rmicos, por outro lado 232Th pode ser fissionado por n\u00eautrons r\u00e1pidos com energia superior a &gt;1MeV.\u00a0A \u00cdndia e a China est\u00e3o desenvolvendo usinas nucleares com reatores de t\u00f3rio, mas essa ainda \u00e9 uma tecnologia muito nova.\u00a0Anteriormente, o di\u00f3xido de t\u00f3rio era adicionado ao vidro durante a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o para aumentar o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, produzindo vidro toriado para uso em lentes de c\u00e2mera de alta qualidade.\u00a0\u00c9 cerca de tr\u00eas vezes mais abundante que o ur\u00e2nio e t\u00e3o abundante quanto o chumbo, e provavelmente h\u00e1 mais energia dispon\u00edvel do t\u00f3rio do que do ur\u00e2nio e dos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.\u00a0232Th \u00e9 um is\u00f3topo f\u00e9rtil.\u00a0232Th n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de sofrer rea\u00e7\u00e3o de fiss\u00e3o ap\u00f3s absorver n\u00eautrons t\u00e9rmicos, por outro lado 232Th pode ser fissionado por n\u00eautrons r\u00e1pidos com energia superior a &gt;1MeV.\u00a0A \u00cdndia e a China est\u00e3o desenvolvendo usinas nucleares com reatores de t\u00f3rio, mas essa ainda \u00e9 uma tecnologia muito nova.\u00a0Anteriormente, o di\u00f3xido de t\u00f3rio era adicionado ao vidro durante a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o para aumentar o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, produzindo vidro toriado para uso em lentes de c\u00e2mera de alta qualidade.\u00a0232Th n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de sofrer rea\u00e7\u00e3o de fiss\u00e3o ap\u00f3s absorver n\u00eautrons t\u00e9rmicos, por outro lado 232Th pode ser fissionado por n\u00eautrons r\u00e1pidos com energia superior a &gt;1MeV.\u00a0A \u00cdndia e a China est\u00e3o desenvolvendo usinas nucleares com reatores de t\u00f3rio, mas essa ainda \u00e9 uma tecnologia muito nova.\u00a0Anteriormente, o di\u00f3xido de t\u00f3rio era adicionado ao vidro durante a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o para aumentar o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, produzindo vidro toriado para uso em lentes de c\u00e2mera de alta qualidade.\u00a0232Th n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de sofrer rea\u00e7\u00e3o de fiss\u00e3o ap\u00f3s absorver n\u00eautrons t\u00e9rmicos, por outro lado 232Th pode ser fissionado por n\u00eautrons r\u00e1pidos com energia superior a &gt;1MeV.\u00a0A \u00cdndia e a China est\u00e3o desenvolvendo usinas nucleares com reatores de t\u00f3rio, mas essa ainda \u00e9 uma tecnologia muito nova.\u00a0Anteriormente, o di\u00f3xido de t\u00f3rio era adicionado ao vidro durante a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o para aumentar o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o, produzindo vidro toriado para uso em lentes de c\u00e2mera de alta qualidade.<\/span><br \/>\n<span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><br \/>\n<span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-40 lgc-tablet-grid-40 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\u00a0<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-applications.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-applications-300x300.png\" alt=\"Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de t\u00f3rio\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div>\u00a0<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o e Pre\u00e7o do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Os pre\u00e7os das mat\u00e9rias-primas mudam diariamente.\u00a0Eles s\u00e3o impulsionados principalmente pela oferta, demanda e pre\u00e7os de energia.\u00a0Em 2019, os pre\u00e7os do T\u00f3rio puro estavam em torno de 30 $\/kg.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 um elemento de ocorr\u00eancia natural e estima-se que seja cerca de tr\u00eas vezes mais abundante que o ur\u00e2nio.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 comumente encontrado em areias de monazita (metais de terras raras contendo mineral fosfato).\u00a0A atual depend\u00eancia da monazita para produ\u00e7\u00e3o se deve ao fato de o t\u00f3rio ser amplamente produzido como subproduto;\u00a0outras fontes, como torita, cont\u00eam mais t\u00f3rio e podem ser facilmente usadas para produ\u00e7\u00e3o se a demanda aumentar.<\/span><br \/>\n<span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Thorium-periodic-table.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Thorium-periodic-table.png\" alt=\"T\u00f3rio-tabela-peri\u00f3dica\" width=\"544\" height=\"560\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Fonte: www.luciteria.com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Propriedades Mec\u00e2nicas do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Thorium-mechanical-properties-strength-hardness-crystal-structure.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Thorium-mechanical-properties-strength-hardness-crystal-structure.png\" alt=\"T\u00f3rio-mec\u00e2nica-propriedades-for\u00e7a-dureza-estrutura de cristal\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span>For\u00e7a do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Na mec\u00e2nica dos materiais, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>resist\u00eancia de um material<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 sua capacidade de suportar uma carga aplicada sem falha ou deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A resist\u00eancia dos materiais<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0considera basicamente a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cargas externas<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0aplicadas a um material e a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>deforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0resultante ou altera\u00e7\u00e3o nas dimens\u00f5es do material.\u00a0Ao projetar estruturas e m\u00e1quinas, \u00e9 importante considerar esses fatores, para que o material selecionado tenha resist\u00eancia adequada para resistir \u00e0s cargas ou for\u00e7as aplicadas e manter sua forma original.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A resist\u00eancia de um material<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 sua capacidade de suportar esta carga aplicada sem falha ou deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Para tens\u00e3o de tra\u00e7\u00e3o, a capacidade de um material ou estrutura de suportar cargas que tendem a se alongar \u00e9 conhecida como resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o final (UTS).\u00a0O limite de escoamento ou tens\u00e3o de escoamento \u00e9 a propriedade do material definida como a tens\u00e3o na qual um material come\u00e7a a se deformar plasticamente, enquanto o ponto de escoamento \u00e9 o ponto onde a deforma\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o linear (el\u00e1stica + pl\u00e1stica) come\u00e7a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-strength-definition\/\"><span>Resist\u00eancia dos Materiais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o final do <strong>T\u00f3rio<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o final do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 de 220 MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>For\u00e7a de Ced\u00eancia de T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>O limite de escoamento do T\u00f3rio <\/span><span>\u00e9 de 144 MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>M\u00f3dulo de Elasticidade do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>O m\u00f3dulo de elasticidade de Young do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 de 144 MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>Dureza do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Na ci\u00eancia dos materiais, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/hardness\/\"><strong><span>dureza<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> \u00e9 a capacidade de suportar <\/span><strong><span>o recuo da superf\u00edcie<\/span><\/strong><span> (<\/span><strong><span>deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica localizada<\/span><\/strong><span>) e <\/span><strong><span>arranh\u00f5es<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-science\/material-properties\/hardness\/brinell-hardness-test\/\"><strong><span>O teste de dureza Brinell<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> \u00e9 um dos testes de dureza de indenta\u00e7\u00e3o, que foi desenvolvido para testes de dureza.\u00a0Nos testes Brinell, um <\/span><strong><span>penetrador esf\u00e9rico<\/span><\/strong><span> duro \u00e9 for\u00e7ado sob uma carga espec\u00edfica na superf\u00edcie do metal a ser testado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A dureza Brinell do Thorium \u00e9 de aproximadamente 400 MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O m\u00e9todo de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>teste de dureza Vickers<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0foi desenvolvido por Robert L. Smith e George E. Sandland na Vickers Ltd como uma alternativa ao m\u00e9todo Brinell para medir a dureza dos materiais.\u00a0O <\/span><strong><span>m\u00e9todo de teste de dureza Vickers<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m pode ser usado como um\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u00e9todo de teste de microdureza<\/span><\/strong><span>, que \u00e9 usado principalmente para pe\u00e7as pequenas, se\u00e7\u00f5es finas ou trabalhos de profundidade de caixa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A dureza Vickers do Thorium \u00e9 de aproximadamente 350 MPa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A dureza ao risco \u00e9 a medida de qu\u00e3o resistente uma amostra \u00e9 \u00e0 deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica permanente devido ao atrito de um objeto pontiagudo.\u00a0A escala mais comum para este teste qualitativo \u00e9 a escala de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Mohs<\/span><\/strong><span>, que \u00e9 usada em mineralogia.\u00a0A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>escala Mohs de dureza mineral<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 baseada na capacidade de uma amostra natural de mineral riscar visivelmente outro mineral.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O t\u00f3rio tem uma dureza de aproximadamente 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-hardness-definition\/\"><span>Dureza dos Materiais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span>T\u00f3rio &#8211; Estrutura Cristalina<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Uma poss\u00edvel estrutura cristalina do <\/span><strong><span>Thorium <\/span><\/strong><span>\u00e9 a\u00a0estrutura\u00a0<\/span><strong><span> c\u00fabica de face centrada<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crystal-structures-FCC-BCC-HCP.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-26154 size-medium alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crystal-structures-FCC-BCC-HCP-297x300.png\" alt=\"estruturas cristalinas - FCC, BCC, HCP\" width=\"297\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crystal-structures-FCC-BCC-HCP-297x300.png 297w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crystal-structures-FCC-BCC-HCP.png 434w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Nos metais e em muitos outros s\u00f3lidos, os \u00e1tomos est\u00e3o dispostos em arranjos regulares chamados cristais.\u00a0Uma rede cristalina \u00e9 um padr\u00e3o repetitivo de pontos matem\u00e1ticos que se estende por todo o espa\u00e7o.\u00a0As for\u00e7as de liga\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica causam essa repeti\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0\u00c9 esse padr\u00e3o repetido que controla propriedades como for\u00e7a, ductilidade, densidade, condutividade (propriedade de conduzir ou transmitir calor, eletricidade, etc.) e forma.\u00a0Existem 14 tipos gerais de tais padr\u00f5es conhecidos como reticulados de Bravais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-are-crystal-structures-definition\/\"><span>Estrutura Cristalina de Materiais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"crystal_structure\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Estrutura Cristalina de T\u00f3rio<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/crystal-structure-face-centered-cubic.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96633\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/crystal-structure-face-centered-cubic.gif\" alt=\"A estrutura cristalina do t\u00f3rio \u00e9: c\u00fabica de face centrada\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>For\u00e7a dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/strength-of-chemical-elements-tensile-yield\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-96030\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Strength-of-Elements-mobile-300x214.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Strength-of-Elements-mobile-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Strength-of-Elements-mobile-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Strength-of-Elements-mobile-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Strength-of-Elements-mobile.png 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Elasticidade dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/modulus-of-elasticity-of-chemical-elements-young-shear-bulk\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-96035\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Elasticity-of-Elements-mobile-300x216.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Elasticity-of-Elements-mobile-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Elasticity-of-Elements-mobile-1024x736.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Elasticity-of-Elements-mobile-768x552.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Elasticity-of-Elements-mobile.png 1219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Dureza dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/hardness-of-chemical-elements-brinell-mohs-vickers\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-96025\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hardness-of-Elements-mobile-300x217.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hardness-of-Elements-mobile-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hardness-of-Elements-mobile-1024x742.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hardness-of-Elements-mobile-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Hardness-of-Elements-mobile.png 1213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Propriedades T\u00e9rmicas do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-melting-point-conductivity-thermal-properties.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-melting-point-conductivity-thermal-properties.png\" alt=\"T\u00f3rio-ponto de fus\u00e3o-condutividade-propriedades t\u00e9rmicas\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>T\u00f3rio &#8211; Ponto de Fus\u00e3o e Ponto de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span>O ponto de fus\u00e3o do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><b><span>1750 \u00b0C<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span>O ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><b><span>4790 \u00b0C<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\"><span>Observe que esses pontos est\u00e3o associados \u00e0 press\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica padr\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>T\u00f3rio &#8211; Condutividade T\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>A condutividade t\u00e9rmica do <\/span><strong><span>T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00e9 <\/span><strong><span>54<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0W\/(m\u00b7K).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As caracter\u00edsticas de transfer\u00eancia de calor de um material s\u00f3lido s\u00e3o medidas por uma propriedade chamada <\/span><strong><span>condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span>, k (ou \u03bb), medida em\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>W\/mK<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0\u00c9 uma medida da capacidade de uma subst\u00e2ncia de transferir calor atrav\u00e9s de um material por <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/what-is-thermal-conduction-heat-conduction-definition\/\"><span>condu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>.\u00a0Observe que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/what-is-fouriers-law-of-thermal-conduction-definition\/\"><strong><span>a lei de Fourier<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> se aplica a toda mat\u00e9ria, independentemente de seu estado (s\u00f3lido, l\u00edquido ou gasoso), portanto, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 definida para l\u00edquidos e gases.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>Coeficiente de Expans\u00e3o T\u00e9rmica do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>O coeficiente de expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica linear de <\/span><strong><span>Thorium<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00e9 <\/span><strong><span>11\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00b5m\/(m\u00b7K).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>A expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00e9 geralmente a tend\u00eancia da mat\u00e9ria de mudar suas dimens\u00f5es em resposta a uma mudan\u00e7a na temperatura.\u00a0Geralmente \u00e9 expresso como uma mudan\u00e7a fracion\u00e1ria no comprimento ou volume por unidade de mudan\u00e7a de temperatura.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>T\u00f3rio &#8211; Calor Espec\u00edfico, Calor Latente de Fus\u00e3o, Calor Latente de Vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span>O calor espec\u00edfico do T\u00f3rio \u00e9\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><b><span>0,12 J\/g<\/span><\/b><span><strong>K<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>A capacidade calor\u00edfica<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00e9 uma propriedade extensiva da mat\u00e9ria, o que significa que \u00e9 proporcional ao tamanho do sistema.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A capacidade calor\u00edfica C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tem a unidade de energia por grau ou energia por kelvin.\u00a0Ao expressar o mesmo fen\u00f4meno como uma propriedade intensiva, a <\/span><strong><span>capacidade calor\u00edfica<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00e9 dividida pela quantidade de subst\u00e2ncia, massa ou volume, portanto a quantidade \u00e9 independente do tamanho ou extens\u00e3o da amostra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>O calor latente de fus\u00e3o do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><b><span>13,8 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>O calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><b><span>514,4 kJ\/mol<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente \u00e9 a quantidade de calor adicionada ou removida de uma subst\u00e2ncia para produzir uma mudan\u00e7a de fase.\u00a0Essa energia quebra as for\u00e7as atrativas intermoleculares e tamb\u00e9m deve fornecer a energia necess\u00e1ria para expandir o g\u00e1s (o <\/span><strong><span>p\u0394V trabalho<\/span><\/strong><span>).\u00a0Quando o calor latente \u00e9 adicionado, nenhuma mudan\u00e7a de temperatura ocorre.\u00a0A entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o na qual essa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Ponto de fus\u00e3o dos elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/melting-point-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53659\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-melting-point-mobile-min-300x217.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica dos Elementos - ponto de fus\u00e3o\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-melting-point-mobile-min-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-melting-point-mobile-min-768x556.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-melting-point-mobile-min-1024x741.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-melting-point-mobile-min.png 1359w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Condutividade T\u00e9rmica dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thermal-conductivity-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53658\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-conductivity-mobile-min-300x217.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica de Elementos - condutividade t\u00e9rmica\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-conductivity-mobile-min-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-conductivity-mobile-min-768x555.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-conductivity-mobile-min-1024x740.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-conductivity-mobile-min.png 1354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Expans\u00e3o T\u00e9rmica dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thermal-expansion-coefficient-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53663\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-expansion-mobile-min-300x217.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica de Elementos - expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-expansion-mobile-min-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-expansion-mobile-min-768x556.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-expansion-mobile-min-1024x742.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-thermal-expansion-mobile-min.png 1358w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Capacidade de Calor dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/specific-heat-capacity-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53661\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-heat-capacity-mobile-min-300x218.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica de Elementos - capacidade calor\u00edfica\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-heat-capacity-mobile-min-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-heat-capacity-mobile-min-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-heat-capacity-mobile-min-1024x742.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-heat-capacity-mobile-min.png 1353w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Calor de Fus\u00e3o de Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/latent-heat-of-fusion-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53662\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-fusion-mobile-min-300x217.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica de Elementos - fus\u00e3o de calor latente\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-fusion-mobile-min-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-fusion-mobile-min-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-fusion-mobile-min-1024x742.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-fusion-mobile-min.png 1359w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Calor de Vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/latent-heat-of-vaporization-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53666\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-vaporization-mobile-min-300x217.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica de Elementos - vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o de calor latente\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-vaporization-mobile-min-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-vaporization-mobile-min-768x554.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-vaporization-mobile-min-1024x739.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-latent-heat-vaporization-mobile-min.png 1359w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>T\u00f3rio &#8211; Resistividade El\u00e9trica &#8211; Suscetibilidade Magn\u00e9tica<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-electrical-resistivity-magnetic-susceptibility.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-electrical-resistivity-magnetic-susceptibility.png\" alt=\"T\u00f3rio-resistividade-el\u00e9trica-suscetibilidade-magn\u00e9tica\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A propriedade el\u00e9trica refere-se \u00e0 resposta de um material a um campo el\u00e9trico aplicado.\u00a0Uma das principais caracter\u00edsticas dos materiais \u00e9 sua capacidade (ou falta de capacidade) de conduzir corrente el\u00e9trica.\u00a0De fato, os materiais s\u00e3o classificados por essa propriedade, ou seja, s\u00e3o divididos em condutores, semicondutores e n\u00e3o condutores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-electrical-properties-of-materials-definition\/\"><span>Propriedades El\u00e9tricas<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>A propriedade magn\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span> refere-se \u00e0 resposta de um material a um <\/span><strong><span>campo magn\u00e9tico aplicado<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0As propriedades magn\u00e9ticas macrosc\u00f3picas de um material s\u00e3o consequ\u00eancia das intera\u00e7\u00f5es entre um <\/span><strong><span>campo magn\u00e9tico externo<\/span><\/strong><span> e os\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>momentos de dipolo magn\u00e9tico dos\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.periodic-table.org\/what-is-atom-properties-of-atoms-definition\/\"><strong><span>\u00e1tomos<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span> constituintes.\u00a0Diferentes\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>materiais reagem<\/span><\/strong><span> \u00e0 aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do campo magn\u00e9tico de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>forma diferente<\/span><\/strong><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/what-is-magnetic-properties-of-materials-definition\/\"><span>Propriedades Magn\u00e9ticas<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Resistividade El\u00e9trica do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>A resistividade el\u00e9trica do Thorium \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><b><span>157 n\u03a9\u22c5m<\/span><\/b><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>A condutividade el\u00e9trica<\/span><\/strong><span> e seu inverso,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>a resistividade el\u00e9trica<\/span><\/strong><span>, \u00e9 uma propriedade fundamental de um material que quantifica como o T\u00f3rio conduz o fluxo de corrente el\u00e9trica.\u00a0A condutividade el\u00e9trica ou condut\u00e2ncia espec\u00edfica \u00e9 o rec\u00edproco da resistividade el\u00e9trica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Suscetibilidade Magn\u00e9tica do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>A suscetibilidade magn\u00e9tica do T\u00f3rio \u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><b><span>+132e-6 c<strong>m<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>\/mol<\/span><\/b><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>No eletromagnetismo, a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>suscetibilidade magn\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 a medida da magnetiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma subst\u00e2ncia.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A suscetibilidade magn\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 um fator de proporcionalidade adimensional que indica o grau de magnetiza\u00e7\u00e3o do T\u00f3rio em resposta a um campo magn\u00e9tico aplicado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Resistividade El\u00e9trica dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/electrical-resistivity-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-53664\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-electrical-resistivity-mobile-min-300x217.png\" alt=\"Tabela Peri\u00f3dica de Elementos - resistividade el\u00e9trica\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-electrical-resistivity-mobile-min-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-electrical-resistivity-mobile-min-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-electrical-resistivity-mobile-min-1024x742.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-electrical-resistivity-mobile-min.png 1356w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Suscetibilidade Magn\u00e9tica dos Elementos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/magnetic-susceptibility-of-chemical-elements\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-100623\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-Magnetic-Susceptibility-mobile-min-300x216.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-Magnetic-Susceptibility-mobile-min-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-Magnetic-Susceptibility-mobile-min-1024x738.png 1024w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-Magnetic-Susceptibility-mobile-min-768x554.png 768w, https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Periodic-Table-of-Elements-Magnetic-Susceptibility-mobile-min.png 1219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o e pre\u00e7os de outros elementos<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"other_elements\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thorium-comparison-properties-application-price-production-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Thorium - Compara\u00e7\u00e3o de Propriedades e Pre\u00e7os\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" \/><\/p>\n<aside class=\"element_1\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/hydrogen-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Hydrogen\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_2\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/helium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Helium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_3\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/lithium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Lithium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_4\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/beryllium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Beryllium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_5\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/boron-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Boron\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_6\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/carbon-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Carbon\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_7\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/nitrogen-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Nitrogen\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_8\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/oxygen-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Oxygen\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_9\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/fluorine-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Fluorine\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_10\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/neon-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Neon\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_11\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/sodium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Sodium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_12\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/magnesium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Magnesium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_13\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/aluminium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Aluminium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_14\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/silicon-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Silicon\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_15\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/phosphorus-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Phosphorus\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_16\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/sulfur-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Sulfur\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_17\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/chlorine-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Chlorine\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_18\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/argon-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Argon\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_19\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/potassium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Potassium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_20\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/calcium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Calcium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_21\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/scandium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Scandium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_22\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/titanium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Titanium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_23\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/vanadium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Vanadium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_24\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/chromium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Chromium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_25\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/manganese-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Manganese\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_26\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/iron-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Iron\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_27\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/cobalt-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Cobalt\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_28\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/nickel-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Nickel\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_29\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/copper-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Copper\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_30\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/zinc-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Zinc\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_31\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/gallium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Gallium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_32\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/germanium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Germanium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_33\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/arsenic-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Arsenic\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_34\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/selenium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Selenium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_35\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/bromine-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Bromine\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_36\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/krypton-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Krypton\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_37\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/rubidium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Rubidium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_38\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/strontium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Strontium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_39\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/yttrium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Yttrium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_40\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/zirconium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Zirconium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_41\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/niobium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Niobium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_42\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/molybdenum-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Molybdenum\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_43\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/technetium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Technetium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_44\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/ruthenium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Ruthenium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_45\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/rhodium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Rhodium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_46\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/palladium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Palladium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_47\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/silver-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Silver\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_48\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/cadmium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Cadmium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_49\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/indium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Indium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_50\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/tin-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Tin\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_51\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/antimony-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Antimony\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_52\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/tellurium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Tellurium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_53\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/iodine-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Iodine\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_54\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/xenon-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Xenon\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_55\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/caesium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Caesium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_56\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/barium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Barium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_57\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/lanthanum-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Lanthanum\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_58\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/cerium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Cerium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_59\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/praseodymium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Praseodymium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_60\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/neodymium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Neodymium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_61\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/promethium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Promethium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_62\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/samarium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Samarium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_63\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/europium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Europium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_64\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/gadolinium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Gadolinium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_65\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/terbium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Terbium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_66\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/dysprosium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Dysprosium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_67\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/holmium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Holmium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_68\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/erbium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Erbium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_69\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thulium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Thullium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_70\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/ytterbium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Ytterbium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_71\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/lutetium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Lutetium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_72\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/hafnium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Hafnium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_73\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/tantalum-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Tantalum\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_74\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/tungsten-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Tungsten\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_75\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/rhenium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Rhenium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_76\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/osmium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Osmium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_77\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/iridium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Iridium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_78\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/platinum-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Platinum\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_79\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/gold-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Gold\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_80\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/mercury-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Mercury\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_81\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thallium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Thallium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_82\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/lead-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Lead\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_83\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/bismuth-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Bismuth\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_90\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/thorium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Thorium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"element_92\">\n<div class=\"image_link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/uranium-properties-applications-price-production\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-title=\"Uranium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-96979\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/white_background2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/periodic-table-price-8k.png\"><span>Tabela Peri\u00f3dica em resolu\u00e7\u00e3o 8K<\/span><\/a><\/h2>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Outras propriedades do T\u00f3rio<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"other_properties\">\n<aside class=\"property_1-1\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-protons-neutrons-electrons-electron-configuration\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97081\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/protons-electrons-neutrons-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"118\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_1-2\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-periodic-table-atomic-number-mass-radius-density\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97048\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/atomic-properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"118\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_1-3\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-mechanical-properties-strength-hardness-crystal-structure\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97071\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mechanical-properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"122\" height=\"118\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_1-4\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-thermal-properties-melting-point-thermal-conductivity-expansion\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97086\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thermal-Properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"117\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_2-1\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization-energy\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97061\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/electronegativity-affinity-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"123\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_2-2\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-electrical-resistivity-magnetic-susceptibility\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97056\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/electrical-properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"122\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_2-3\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-latent-heat-vaporization-fusion-heat-capacity\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97066\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heat-capacity-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"117\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"property_2-4\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-properties-applications-price-production\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97076\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/price-application-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"122\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"other_properties_mobile\">\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-protons-neutrons-electrons-electron-configuration\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-97081\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/protons-electrons-neutrons-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"118\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-periodic-table-atomic-number-mass-radius-density\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-97048\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/atomic-properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"118\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-mechanical-properties-strength-hardness-crystal-structure\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97071\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mechanical-properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"122\" height=\"118\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-thermal-properties-melting-point-thermal-conductivity-expansion\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97086\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Thermal-Properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"117\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization-energy\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97061\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/electronegativity-affinity-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"123\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-electrical-resistivity-magnetic-susceptibility\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97056\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/electrical-properties-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"122\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-latent-heat-vaporization-fusion-heat-capacity\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97066\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heat-capacity-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"117\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/Thorium-properties-applications-price-production\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97076\" src=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/price-application-menu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"122\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:25px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sobre T\u00f3rio O metal t\u00f3rio \u00e9 prateado e fica preto quando exposto ao ar, formando o di\u00f3xido.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 moderadamente duro, male\u00e1vel e possui alto ponto de fus\u00e3o.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 um elemento de ocorr\u00eancia natural e estima-se que seja cerca de tr\u00eas vezes mais abundante que o ur\u00e2nio.\u00a0O t\u00f3rio \u00e9 comumente encontrado em areias de &#8230; <a title=\"Thorium &#8211; Propriedades &#8211; Pre\u00e7o &#8211; Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Produ\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/thorium-propriedades-preco-aplicacoes-producao\/\">Ler mais&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[89],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Thorium - Propriedades - Pre\u00e7o - Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es - Produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thorium - Propriedades - Pre\u00e7o - Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es - Produ\u00e7\u00e3o. T\u00f3rio \u00e9 90 elementos na Tabela Peri\u00f3dica. Suas propriedades e pre\u00e7o determinam suas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. Em 2019, os pre\u00e7os do T\u00f3rio puro estavam em torno de N\/A$\/kg.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/thorium-propriedades-preco-aplicacoes-producao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thorium - Propriedades - Pre\u00e7o - Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es - Produ\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thorium - Propriedades - Pre\u00e7o - Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es - Produ\u00e7\u00e3o. T\u00f3rio \u00e9 90 elementos na Tabela Peri\u00f3dica. Suas propriedades e pre\u00e7o determinam suas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. 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