{"id":119666,"date":"2023-02-07T23:15:30","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T22:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/o-que-e-zirconio-ligas-de-niobio-definicao\/"},"modified":"2023-02-14T12:42:18","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T11:42:18","slug":"o-que-e-zirconio-ligas-de-niobio-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-zirconio-ligas-de-niobio-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 Zirc\u00f4nio &#8211; Ligas de Ni\u00f3bio &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\"><div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"> Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio-ni\u00f3bio.\u00a0Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio com ni\u00f3bio s\u00e3o usadas como revestimento de elementos combust\u00edveis de reatores VVER e RBMK.\u00a0A liga Zr + 1% Nb do tipo N-1 E-110 \u00e9 usada para revestimentos de elementos combust\u00edveis.<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_27131\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27131\" style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Nuclear-Fuel-Assembly-min.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-27131 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Nuclear-Fuel-Assembly-min-141x1024.png\" alt=\"Conjunto de Combust\u00edvel Nuclear\" width=\"141\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Conjunto de combust\u00edvel t\u00edpico<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>O zirc\u00f4nio puro \u00e9 um metal de transi\u00e7\u00e3o brilhante, branco-acinzentado e forte que se assemelha ao h\u00e1fnio e, em menor grau, ao tit\u00e2nio.\u00a0O zirc\u00f4nio \u00e9 usado principalmente como refrat\u00e1rio e opacificante, embora pequenas quantidades sejam usadas como agente de liga por sua forte resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>O zirc\u00f4nio e suas ligas<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o amplamente utilizados como\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/fuel-assembly\/fuel-cladding-cladding-tube\/\"><strong><span>revestimento para combust\u00edveis de reatores nucleares<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>.\u00a0Zirc\u00f4nio ligado com ni\u00f3bio ou estanho tem\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>excelentes propriedades de corros\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0A alta resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o das ligas de zirc\u00f4nio resulta da forma\u00e7\u00e3o natural de um \u00f3xido denso e est\u00e1vel na superf\u00edcie do metal.\u00a0Este filme \u00e9 auto-reparador, continua a crescer lentamente em temperaturas de at\u00e9 aproximadamente 550\u00b0C (1020\u00b0F) e permanece fortemente aderente. A propriedade desejada dessas ligas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 uma <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/nuclear-engineering-fundamentals\/neutron-nuclear-reactions\/neutron-capture-radiative-capture\/neutron-capture-cross-section\/\"><strong><span>se\u00e7\u00e3o de choque de baixa captura de n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>.\u00a0As desvantagens do zirc\u00f4nio s\u00e3o propriedades de baixa resist\u00eancia e baixa resist\u00eancia ao calor, que podem ser eliminadas, por exemplo, ligando-se ao ni\u00f3bio.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Zirc\u00f4nio \u2013 Ligas de Ni\u00f3bio<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio com ni\u00f3bio s\u00e3o usadas como revestimento de elementos combust\u00edveis de reatores VVER e RBMK.\u00a0Essas ligas s\u00e3o o material base do canal de montagem do reator RBMK.\u00a0A liga Zr + 1% Nb do tipo N-1 E-110 \u00e9 usada para revestimentos de elementos combust\u00edveis, a liga Zr + 2,5% Nb do tipo E-125 \u00e9 aplicada para tubos de canais de montagem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Zirc\u00f4nio \u2013 Ligas de Estanho<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0As ligas de zirc\u00f4nio, nas quais o estanho \u00e9 o elemento de liga b\u00e1sico, que proporcionam melhoria de suas propriedades mec\u00e2nicas, t\u00eam ampla distribui\u00e7\u00e3o nos EUA.\u00a0Um subgrupo comum tem a marca comercial\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Zircaloy.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>No caso das ligas zirc\u00f4nio-estanho, ocorre a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o em \u00e1gua e vapor, resultando na necessidade de ligas adicionais.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>O material de revestimento para os novos projetos de combust\u00edvel 17&#215;17 \u00e9 baseado tamb\u00e9m nas\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ligas de zirc\u00f4nio-ni\u00f3bio<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(por exemplo, material ZIRLO otimizado), que demonstrou ter resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o aprimorada em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com materiais de revestimento de combust\u00edvel anteriores.\u00a0O n\u00edvel de estanho otimizado fornece uma taxa de corros\u00e3o reduzida enquanto mant\u00e9m os benef\u00edcios de for\u00e7a mec\u00e2nica e resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o acelerada de condi\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas anormais.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Custos de zirc\u00f4nio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Em termos de custo, essas ligas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o frequentemente os materiais de escolha para\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/heat-exchangers\/\"><span>trocadores de calor<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e sistemas de tubula\u00e7\u00e3o para processamento qu\u00edmico e ind\u00fastrias nucleares.\u00a0O zirc\u00f4nio \u00e9 um subproduto da minera\u00e7\u00e3o e processamento dos minerais de tit\u00e2nio, bem como da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de estanho.\u00a0De 2003 a 2007, enquanto os pre\u00e7os do mineral zirc\u00f4nio aumentaram de US$ 360 para US$ 840 por tonelada, o pre\u00e7o do zirc\u00f4nio bruto diminuiu de US$ 39900 para US$ 22700 por tonelada. O zirc\u00f4nio met\u00e1lico \u00e9 muito mais caro que o zirc\u00f4nio porque os\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processos de redu\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o caros<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Todos os custos variam significativamente com certa pureza.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de zirc\u00f4nio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de zirc\u00f4nio met\u00e1lico requer t\u00e9cnicas especiais devido \u00e0s propriedades qu\u00edmicas particulares do zirc\u00f4nio.\u00a0A maior parte do Zr met\u00e1lico \u00e9 produzida a partir do zirc\u00e3o (ZrSiO<\/span><sub><span>4<\/span><\/sub><span>) pela redu\u00e7\u00e3o do cloreto de zirc\u00f4nio com o magn\u00e9sio met\u00e1lico no\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processo Kroll<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0A principal caracter\u00edstica do processo Kroll \u00e9 a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do cloreto de zirc\u00f4nio em zirc\u00f4nio met\u00e1lico por magn\u00e9sio.\u00a0O zirc\u00f4nio comercial de grau n\u00e3o nuclear normalmente cont\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1\u20135% de h\u00e1fnio<\/span><\/strong><span>, cuja se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de absor\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons \u00e9 600x a do zirc\u00f4nio.\u00a0O h\u00e1fnio deve, portanto, ser quase totalmente removido (reduzido para &lt; 0,02% da liga) para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em reatores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span><div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Refer\u00eancias:<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Ci\u00eancia dos Materiais:<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Departamento de Energia dos EUA, Ci\u00eancia de Materiais.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 e 2. Janeiro de 1993.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Departamento de Energia dos EUA, Ci\u00eancia de Materiais.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 e 2. Janeiro de 1993.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch.\u00a0Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais: Uma Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o 9\u00aa Edi\u00e7\u00e3o, Wiley;\u00a09 edi\u00e7\u00e3o (4 de dezembro de 2013), ISBN-13: 978-1118324578.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Eberhart, Mark (2003).\u00a0Por que as coisas quebram: entendendo o mundo pela maneira como ele se desfaz.\u00a0Harmonia.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4000-4760-4.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Gaskell, David R. (1995).\u00a0Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Termodin\u00e2mica dos Materiais (4\u00aa ed.).\u00a0Editora Taylor e Francis.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-56032-992-3.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Gonz\u00e1lez-Vi\u00f1as, W. &amp; Mancini, HL (2004).\u00a0Uma Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia dos Materiais.\u00a0Princeton University Press.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-691-07097-1.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Ashby, Michael;\u00a0Hugh Shercliff;\u00a0David Cebon (2007).\u00a0Materiais: engenharia, ci\u00eancia, processamento e design (1\u00aa ed.).\u00a0Butterworth-Heinemann.\u00a0ISBN 978-0-7506-8391-3.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>JR Lamarsh, AJ Baratta, Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Engenharia Nuclear, 3\u00aa ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1.<\/span><br \/>\n<span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>Veja acima:<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/metals-what-are-metals\/alloys-composition-properties-of-metal-alloys\/zirconium-alloys\/ \" class=\"su-button su-button-style-flat\" style=\"color:#606060;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#cccccc;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#606060;padding:7px 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-moz-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-webkit-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"><i class=\"sui sui-link\" style=\"font-size:16px;color:#5d5d5d\"><\/i> <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div  class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Esperamos que este artigo,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Zirc\u00f4nio \u2013 Ligas de Ni\u00f3bio<\/span><\/strong><span>, ajude voc\u00ea.\u00a0Se sim,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>d\u00ea um like<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na barra lateral.\u00a0O objetivo principal deste site \u00e9 ajudar o p\u00fablico a aprender algumas informa\u00e7\u00f5es interessantes e importantes sobre materiais e suas propriedades.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Esperamos que este artigo,\u00a0Zirc\u00f4nio \u2013 Ligas de Ni\u00f3bio, ajude voc\u00ea.\u00a0Se sim,\u00a0d\u00ea um like\u00a0na barra lateral.\u00a0O objetivo principal deste site \u00e9 ajudar o p\u00fablico a aprender algumas informa\u00e7\u00f5es interessantes e importantes sobre materiais e suas propriedades. &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 Zirc\u00f4nio \u2013 Ligas de Ni\u00f3bio - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o | Propriedades do material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio-ni\u00f3bio. 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Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio com ni\u00f3bio s\u00e3o usadas como revestimento de elementos combust\u00edveis de reatores VVER e RBMK. A liga Zr + 1% Nb do tipo N-1 E-110 \u00e9 usada para revestimentos de elementos combust\u00edveis.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/material-properties.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-zirconio-ligas-de-niobio-definicao\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"O que \u00e9 Zirc\u00f4nio \u2013 Ligas de Ni\u00f3bio - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o | Propriedades do material","og_description":"Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio-ni\u00f3bio. Ligas de zirc\u00f4nio com ni\u00f3bio s\u00e3o usadas como revestimento de elementos combust\u00edveis de reatores VVER e RBMK. 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