Polyvinyl Chloride – Material Table – Applications – Price

About Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl chloride is the world’s third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer (after polyethylene and polypropylene). There are two basic forms of PVC: rigid and plasticized. Rigid PVC, as its name suggests, is an unmodified polymer and exhibits high rigidity. Unmodified PVC is stronger and stiffer than PE and PP. Plasticized PVC is modified by the addition of a low-molecular-weight species (plasticizer) to flexibilize the polymer.

Summary

Name	Polyvinyl Chloride
Phase at STP	solid
Density	1330 kg/m3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	48 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	3.4 GPa
Brinell Hardness	35 BHN
Melting Point	177 °C
Thermal Conductivity	0.2 W/mK
Heat Capacity	880 J/g K
Price	0.9 $/kg

Composition of Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl chloride polymers (PVC), generally referred to as vinyl resins, are prepared by the polymerization of vinyl chloride in a free radical addition polymerization reaction. Vinyl chloride monomer is prepared by reacting ethylene with chlorine to form 1,2-dichloroethane.

Applications of Polyvinyl Chloride

Rigid PVC products include house siding, extruded pipe, thermoformed, and injectionmolded parts. Rigid PVC is calendered into credit cards. Plasticized PVC is used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, imitation leather, flooring, signage, phonograph records. About 40 million tons of PVC are produced each year. PVC is one of the four plastics whose combined usage accounts for 75 percent of the worldwide usage of plastics. These four commodity thermoplastics are PE, PP, PVC, and PS.

Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride

Strength of Polyvinyl Chloride

In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. In designing structures and machines, it is important to consider these factors, in order that the material selected will have adequate strength to resist applied loads or forces and retain its original shape.

Strength of a material is its ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation. For tensile stress, the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate is known as ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Yield strength or yield stress is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins. In case of tensional stress of a uniform bar (stress-strain curve), the Hooke’s law describes behaviour of a bar in the elastic region. The Young’s modulus of elasticity is the elastic modulus for tensile and compressive stress in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation and is usually assessed by tensile tests.

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Polyvinyl Chloride

Ultimate tensile strength of Polyvinyl Chloride is 48 MPa.

Yield Strength of Polyvinyl Chloride

Yield strength of Polyvinyl Chloride is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Polyvinyl Chloride

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Polyvinyl Chloride is 3.4 GPa.

Hardness of Polyvinyl Chloride

In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized plastic deformation) and scratching. Brinell hardness test is one of indentation hardness tests, that has been developed for hardness testing. In Brinell tests, a hard, spherical indenter is forced under a specific load into the surface of the metal to be tested.

The Brinell hardness number (HB) is the load divided by the surface area of the indentation. The diameter of the impression is measured with a microscope with a superimposed scale. The Brinell hardness number is computed from the equation:

Brinell hardness of Polyvinyl Chloride is approximately 35 BHN (converted).

See also: Hardness of Materials

Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl Chloride – Melting Point

Melting point of Polyvinyl Chloride is 177 °C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. In general, melting is a phase change of a substance from the solid to the liquid phase. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which this phase change occurs. The melting point also defines a condition in which the solid and liquid can exist in equilibrium. For various chemical compounds and alloys, it is difficult to define the melting point, since they are usually a mixture of various chemical elements.

Polyvinyl Chloride – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Polyvinyl Chloride is 0.2 W/(m·K).

The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured in W/m.K. It is a measure of a substance’s ability to transfer heat through a material by conduction. Note that Fourier’s law applies for all matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas), therefore, it is also defined for liquids and gases.

The thermal conductivity of most liquids and solids varies with temperature. For vapors, it also depends upon pressure. In general:

Most materials are very nearly homogeneous, therefore we can usually write k = k (T). Similar definitions are associated with thermal conductivities in the y- and z-directions (ky, kz), but for an isotropic material the thermal conductivity is independent of the direction of transfer, kx = ky = kz = k.

Polyvinyl Chloride – Specific Heat

Specific heat of Polyvinyl Chloride is 880 J/g K.

Specific heat, or specific heat capacity, is a property related to internal energy that is very important in thermodynamics. The intensive properties c_v and c_p are defined for pure, simple compressible substances as partial derivatives of the internal energy u(T, v) and enthalpy h(T, p), respectively:

where the subscripts v and p denote the variables held fixed during differentiation. The properties c_v and c_p are referred to as specific heats (or heat capacities) because under certain special conditions they relate the temperature change of a system to the amount of energy added by heat transfer. Their SI units are J/kg K or J/mol K.

Properties and prices of other materials

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