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Bohrium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Bohrium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Summary

Element Bohrium
Atomic number 107
Atomic mass [amu] 264
Atomic mass [pm] 141
Density at STP [g/cm3] 37
Number of protons 107
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 267,270-272,274,278
Number of electrons 107
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
Oxidation states
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale]
First ionization energy [eV]

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Bohrium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberBohrium is a chemical element with atomic number 107 which means there are 107 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Bohrium are 267,270-272,274,278.

Atomic Mass of Bohrium

Atomic mass of Bohrium is 264 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Bohrium

The atomic radius of Bohrium atom is 141pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Bohrium is 107. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Bohrium is [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are .

Density of Bohrium

Density of Bohrium is 37g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Bohrium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Bohrium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Bohrium

Electron affinity of Bohrium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Bohrium

Electronegativity of Bohrium is .

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Bohrium is: χ = —

First Ionization Energy of Bohrium

First Ionization Energy of Bohrium is — eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Bohrium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Bh + IE → Bh+ + e        IE = — eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Bohrium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Bohrium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Bohrium

 

Hassium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Hassium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Summary

Element Hassium
Atomic number 108
Atomic mass [amu] 277
Atomic mass [pm] 134
Density at STP [g/cm3] 41
Number of protons 108
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 269-271
Number of electrons 108
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2
Oxidation states
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale]
First ionization energy [eV]

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Hassium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberHassium is a chemical element with atomic number 108 which means there are 108 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Hassium are 269-271.

Atomic Mass of Hassium

Atomic mass of Hassium is 277 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Hassium

The atomic radius of Hassium atom is 134pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Hassium is 108. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Hassium is [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are .

Density of Hassium

Density of Hassium is 41g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Hassium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Hassium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Hassium

Electron affinity of Hassium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Hassium

Electronegativity of Hassium is .

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Hassium is: χ = —

First Ionization Energy of Hassium

First Ionization Energy of Hassium is — eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Hassium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Hs + IE → Hs+ + e        IE = — eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Hassium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Hassium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Hassium

 

Dubnium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Dubnium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Summary

Element Dubnium
Atomic number 105
Atomic mass [amu] 262
Atomic mass [pm] 149
Density at STP [g/cm3] 29.3
Number of protons 105
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 266-268,270
Number of electrons 105
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
Oxidation states
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale]
First ionization energy [eV]

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Dubnium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberDubnium is a chemical element with atomic number 105 which means there are 105 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Dubnium are 266-268,270.

Atomic Mass of Dubnium

Atomic mass of Dubnium is 262 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Dubnium

The atomic radius of Dubnium atom is 149pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Dubnium is 105. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Dubnium is [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are .

Density of Dubnium

Density of Dubnium is 29.3g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Dubnium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Dubnium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Dubnium

Electron affinity of Dubnium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Dubnium

Electronegativity of Dubnium is .

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Dubnium is: χ = —

First Ionization Energy of Dubnium

First Ionization Energy of Dubnium is — eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Dubnium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Db + IE → Db+ + e        IE = — eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Dubnium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Dubnium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Dubnium

 

Seaborgium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Seaborgium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Summary

Element Seaborgium
Atomic number 106
Atomic mass [amu] 266
Atomic mass [pm] 143
Density at STP [g/cm3] 35
Number of protons 106
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 265,267,269,271
Number of electrons 106
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2
Oxidation states
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale]
First ionization energy [eV]

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Seaborgium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberSeaborgium is a chemical element with atomic number 106 which means there are 106 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Seaborgium are 265,267,269,271.

Atomic Mass of Seaborgium

Atomic mass of Seaborgium is 266 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Seaborgium

The atomic radius of Seaborgium atom is 143pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Seaborgium is 106. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Seaborgium is [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are .

Density of Seaborgium

Density of Seaborgium is 35g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Seaborgium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Seaborgium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Seaborgium

Electron affinity of Seaborgium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Seaborgium

Electronegativity of Seaborgium is .

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Seaborgium is: χ = —

First Ionization Energy of Seaborgium

First Ionization Energy of Seaborgium is — eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Seaborgium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Sg + IE → Sg+ + e        IE = — eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Seaborgium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Seaborgium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Seaborgium

 

Lawrencium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Lawrencium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, lawrencium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles.

Summary

Element Lawrencium
Atomic number 103
Atomic mass [amu] 262
Atomic mass [pm]
Density at STP [g/cm3] 16
Number of protons 103
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 254-256,259-262,266
Number of electrons 103
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
Oxidation states +3
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale]
First ionization energy [eV]

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Lawrencium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberLawrencium is a chemical element with atomic number 103 which means there are 103 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Lawrencium are 254-256,259-262,266.

Atomic Mass of Lawrencium

Atomic mass of Lawrencium is 262 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Lawrencium

The atomic radius of Lawrencium atom is –pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Lawrencium is 103. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Lawrencium is [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1.

Possible oxidation states are +3.

Density of Lawrencium

Density of Lawrencium is 16g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Lawrencium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Lawrencium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Lawrencium

Electron affinity of Lawrencium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Lawrencium

Electronegativity of Lawrencium is .

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Lawrencium is: χ = —

First Ionization Energy of Lawrencium

First Ionization Energy of Lawrencium is — eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Lawrencium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Lr + IE → Lr+ + e        IE = — eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Lawrencium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Lawrencium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Lawrencium

 

Rutherfordium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Rutherfordium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Summary

Element Rutherfordium
Atomic number 104
Atomic mass [amu] 261
Atomic mass [pm] 157
Density at STP [g/cm3] 23.2
Number of protons 104
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 263,265-267
Number of electrons 104
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Oxidation states +4
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale]
First ionization energy [eV]

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Rutherfordium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberRutherfordium is a chemical element with atomic number 104 which means there are 104 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Rutherfordium are 263,265-267.

Atomic Mass of Rutherfordium

Atomic mass of Rutherfordium is 261 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Rutherfordium

The atomic radius of Rutherfordium atom is 157pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Rutherfordium is 104. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Rutherfordium is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are +4.

Density of Rutherfordium

Density of Rutherfordium is 23.2g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Rutherfordium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Rutherfordium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Rutherfordium

Electron affinity of Rutherfordium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Rutherfordium

Electronegativity of Rutherfordium is .

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Rutherfordium is: χ = —

First Ionization Energy of Rutherfordium

First Ionization Energy of Rutherfordium is — eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Rutherfordium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Rf + IE → Rf+ + e        IE = — eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Rutherfordium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Rutherfordium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Rutherfordium

 

Mendelevium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Mendelevium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Mendelevium is a metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities.

Summary

Element Mendelevium
Atomic number 101
Atomic mass [amu] 258
Atomic mass [pm]
Density at STP [g/cm3] 10.3
Number of protons 101
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 257,258,260
Number of electrons 101
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f13 7s2
Oxidation states +2,3
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale] 1.3
First ionization energy [eV] 6.58

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Mendelevium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberMendelevium is a chemical element with atomic number 101 which means there are 101 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Mendelevium are 257,258,260.

Atomic Mass of Mendelevium

Atomic mass of Mendelevium is 258 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Mendelevium

The atomic radius of Mendelevium atom is –pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Mendelevium is 101. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Mendelevium is [Rn] 5f13 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are +2,3.

Density of Mendelevium

Density of Mendelevium is 10.3g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Mendelevium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Mendelevium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Mendelevium

Electron affinity of Mendelevium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Mendelevium

Electronegativity of Mendelevium is 1.3.

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Mendelevium is: χ = 1.3

First Ionization Energy of Mendelevium

First Ionization Energy of Mendelevium is 6.58 eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Mendelevium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

Md + IE → Md+ + e        IE = 6.58 eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Mendelevium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Mendelevium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Mendelevium

 

Nobelium – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties

Nobelium-density-atomic-number-mass-radius

Nobelium is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles.

Summary

Element Nobelium
Atomic number 102
Atomic mass [amu] 259
Atomic mass [pm]
Density at STP [g/cm3] 9.9
Number of protons 102
Number of neutrons (typical isotopes) 253-255,257,259
Number of electrons 102
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 7s2
Oxidation states +2,3
Electron affinity [kJ/mol]
Electronegativity [Pauling scale] 1.3
First ionization energy [eV] 6.65

Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Nobelium

Proton Number - Atomic NumberNobelium is a chemical element with atomic number 102 which means there are 102 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.

For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Nobelium are 253-255,257,259.

Atomic Mass of Nobelium

Atomic mass of Nobelium is 259 u. 

The atomic mass is the mass of an atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10-12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.

Atomic Radius of Nobelium

The atomic radius of Nobelium atom is –pm (covalent radius).

Atomic Radius of Chemical Elements

It must be noted, atoms lack a well-defined outer boundary. The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the distance out to which the electron cloud extends from the nucleus. However, this assumes the atom to exhibit a spherical shape, which is only obeyed for atoms in vacuum or free space. Therefore, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.

Electrons and Electron Configuration

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Nobelium is 102. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.

Electron configuration of Nobelium is [Rn] 5f14 7s2.

Possible oxidation states are +2,3.

Density of Nobelium

Density of Nobelium is 9.9g/cm3.

Typical densities of various substances are at atmospheric pressure.

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Atomic Masses of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic mass

Atomic Radii of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - atomic radius

Densities of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - density

Nobelium-protons-neutrons-electrons-configuration

Nobelium-affinity-electronegativity-ionization

Electron Affinity – Nobelium

Electron affinity of Nobelium is — kJ/mol.

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e → X + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

Electronegativity of Nobelium

Electronegativity of Nobelium is 1.3.

Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.

The electronegativity of Nobelium is: χ = 1.3

First Ionization Energy of Nobelium

First Ionization Energy of Nobelium is 6.65 eV.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.

X + energy → X+ + e

where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e is the removed electron.

A Nobelium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.

No + IE → No+ + e        IE = 6.65 eV

Electronegativity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electronegativity

Ionization Energy of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - ionization energy

Nobelium-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

 

Properties of other elements

Nobelium - Comparison of Atomic Properties

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Nobelium