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Lithium and Silicon – Comparison – Properties

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of lithium and silicon, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Lithium vs Silicon.

lithium and silicon - comparison

Compare lithium with another element

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Lithium and Silicon – About Elements

Lithium

It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil.

Silicon

Silicon is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor.

Lithium in Periodic Table

Silicon in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Lithium and Silicon – Applications

Lithium

Lithium has many applications, from lubricating grease, alloying additions in particular for aluminium and magnesium alloys, to glazes for ceramics, and finally, lithium batteries. In particular, lithium is and will continue to play an increasingly important role in the battery-powered clean air future. Lithium batteries are widely used in portable consumer electronic devices, and in electric vehicles ranging from full sized vehicles to radio controlled toys. The term “lithium battery” refers to a family of different lithium-metal chemistries, comprising many types of cathodes and electrolytes but all with metallic lithium as the anode.

Silicon

Most silicon is used industrially without being purified, and indeed, often with comparatively little processing from its natural form. Silicon is a vital ingredient in aluminum, steel, and iron alloys. It is added as a fluxing agent for copper alloys. In the form of clay and sand, it is used to manufacture bricks and concrete; it is a valuable refractory material for high-temperature work, for example, molding sands for castings in foundry applications. Silica is used to make fire brick, a type of ceramic. Silicate minerals are also in whiteware ceramics, an important class of products usually containing various types of fired clay minerals (natural aluminium phyllosilicates). An example is porcelain, which is based on the silicate mineral kaolinite. Traditional glass (silica-based soda-lime glass) also functions in many of the same ways, and also is used for windows and containers. Hyperpure silicon metal and doped hyperpure silicon (doping with boron, phosphorous, gallium, or arsenic) are used in solar cells, transistors and semiconductors.

Lithium and Silicon – Comparison in Table

Element Lithium Silicon
Density 0.535 g/cm3 2.33 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength 1.5 MPa 170 MPa
Yield Strength N/A 165 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 4.9 GPa 150 GPa
Mohs Scale 0.6 7
Brinell Hardness 5 MPa 2300 MPa
Vickers Hardness N/A N/A
Melting Point 180.5 °C 1410 °C
Boiling Point 1342 °C 3265 °C
Thermal Conductivity 85 W/mK 148 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient 46 µm/mK 2.6 µm/mK
Specific Heat 3.6 J/g K 0.71 J/g K
Heat of Fusion 3 kJ/mol 50.55 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization 145.92 kJ/mol 384.22 kJ/mol