Nick Connor, Autor Material Properties

Lead and Bismuth – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-28 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of lead and bismuth, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Lead vs Bismuth.

lead and bismuth - comparison

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Lead and Bismuth – About Elements

Lead

Lead is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. Lead is widely used as a gamma shield. Major advantage of lead shield is in its compactness due to its higher density. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements.

Bismuth

Bismuth is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when freshly produced, but surface oxidation can give it a pink tinge. Bismuth is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, chemically resembles its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony.

Lead in Periodic Table

Bismuth in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Lead and Bismuth – Applications

Lead

Lead metal has several useful mechanical properties, including high density, low melting point, ductility, and relative inertness. Lead is widely used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection and in some solders. The largest use of lead in the early 21st century is in lead–acid batteries. The lead in batteries undergoes no direct contact with humans, so there are fewer toxicity concerns. Lead is used in high voltage power cables as sheathing material to prevent water diffusion into insulation; this use is decreasing as lead is being phased out. A lead is widely used as a gamma shield. Major advantage of lead shield is in its compactness due to its higher density. On the other hand depleted uranium is much more effective due to its higher Z. Depleted uranium is used for shielding in portable gamma ray sources.

Bismuth

Bismuth metal is brittle and so it is usually mixed with other metals to make it useful. Its alloys with tin or cadmium have low melting points and are used in fire detectors and extinguishers, electric fuses and solders. Bismuth oxide is used as a yellow pigment for cosmetics and paints. Bismuth alloys are used in soldering, thermocouple materials and magnetic memory devices. Compounds of bismuth are used in lubricating greases, thermoelectric materials, infrared spectrometers. Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) is sometimes used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.

Lead and Bismuth – Comparison in Table

Element	Lead	Bismuth
Density	11.34 g/cm3	9.78 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	17 MPa	4 MPa
Yield Strength	5.5 MPa	2 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	16 GPa	32 GPa
Mohs Scale	1.5	2.5
Brinell Hardness	38 MPa	70 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A	N/A
Melting Point	327.5 °C	271 °C
Boiling Point	1740 °C	1560 °C
Thermal Conductivity	35 W/mK	8 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	28.9 µm/mK	13.4 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.13 J/g K	0.12 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	4.799 kJ/mol	11.3 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	177.7 kJ/mol	104.8 kJ/mol

Thulium and Lutetium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-28 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of thulium and lutetium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Thulium vs Lutetium.

thulium and lutetium - comparison

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Thulium and Lutetium – About Elements

Thulium

Thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster. It is fairly soft and slowly tarnishes in air. Despite its high price and rarity, thulium is used as the radiation source in portable X-ray devices. Thulium is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series.

Lutetium

Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths.

Thulium in Periodic Table

Lutetium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Thulium and Lutetium – Applications

Thulium

The pure metal and compound have few commercial uses: because it is very rare and expensive and has little to offer, thulium find little application outside chemical research. Thulium has been used to create lasers. Thulium lasers require less cooling and function very well at high temperatures and are used in satellites. When stable thulium (Tm-169) is bombarded in a nuclear reactor it can later serve as a radiation source in portable X-ray devices. Thulium-170 is gaining popularity as an X-ray source for cancer treatment via brachytherapy. Thulium has been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium. Thulium potentially has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment. Thulium-doped calcium sulphate has been used in personal radiation dosimeters because it can register, by its fluorescence, especially low levels.

Lutetium

Lutetium is not extensively used metal. Most lutetium is used only in research. One of its few commercial uses is as a catalyst for cracking hydrocarbons in oil refineries. It is used in detectors of positron emission topography that detects cellular activity of the body.

Thulium and Lutetium – Comparison in Table

Element	Thulium	Lutetium
Density	9.321 g/cm3	9.841 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	74 GPa	68.6 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	740 MPa	900 MPa
Vickers Hardness	520 MPa	1100 MPa
Melting Point	1545 °C	1663 °C
Boiling Point	1950 °C	3402 °C
Thermal Conductivity	17 W/mK	16 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	13.3 µm/mK	9.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.16 J/g K	0.15 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.84 kJ/mol	18.6 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	191 kJ/mol	355.9 kJ/mol

Thorium and Uranium – Comparison – Properties

2021-07-232021-01-28 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of thorium and uranium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Thorium vs Uranium.

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Thorium and Uranium – About Elements

Thorium

Thorium metal is silvery and tarnishes black when exposed to air, forming the dioxide. Thorium is moderately hard, malleable, and has a high melting point. Thorium is a naturally-occurring element and it is estimated to be about three times more abundant than uranium. Thorium is commonly found in monazite sands (rare earth metals containing phosphate mineral).

Uranium

Uranium is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. Uranium is commonly found at low levels (a few ppm – parts per million) in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals (including humans). Uranium occurs also in seawater, and can be recovered from the ocean water. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as uraninite (the most common uranium ore), phosphate rock deposits, and other minerals.

Thorium in Periodic Table

Uranium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Thorium and Uranium – Applications

Thorium

Most thorium applications use its dioxide (sometimes called “thoria” in the industry), rather than the metal. This compound has a melting point of 3300 °C (6000 °F), the highest of all known oxides; only a few substances have higher melting points.[46] This helps the compound remain solid in a flame, and it considerably increases the brightness of the flame; this is the main reason thorium is used in gas lamp mantles. All substances emit energy (glow) at high temperatures, but the light emitted by thorium is nearly all in the visible spectrum, hence the brightness of thorium mantles. Thorium is an important alloying agent in magnesium, as it imparts greater strength and creep resistance at high temperatures. Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst. Other uses for thorium include heat-resistant ceramics, aircraft engines, and in light bulbs. Thorium can be used as a source of nuclear power. It is about three times as abundant as uranium and about as abundant as lead, and there is probably more energy available from thorium than from both uranium and fossil fuels. 232Th is a fertile isotope. 232Th is not capable of undergoing fission reaction after absorbing thermal neutron, on the other hand 232Th can be fissioned by fast neutron with energy higher than >1MeV. India and China are in the process of developing nuclear power plants with thorium reactors, but this is still a very new technology. Thorium dioxide was formerly added to glass during manufacture to increase the refractive index, producing thoriated glass for use in high-quality camera lenses.

Uranium

The main use of uranium in the civilian sector is to fuel nuclear power plants. One kilogram of uranium-235 can theoretically produce about 20 terajoules of energy, assuming complete fission; as much energy as 1.5 million kilograms (1500 tons) of coal. Typical reactor may contain about 100 tonnes of enriched uranium (i.e. about 113 tonnes of uranium dioxide). This fuel is loaded within, for example, 157 fuel assemblies composed of over 45 000 fuel rods. A common fuel assembly contain energy for approximately 4 years of operation at full power. The removed fuel (spent nuclear fuel) still contains about 96% of reusable material (it must be removed due to decreasing kinf of an assembly). Before (and, occasionally, after) the discovery of radioactivity, uranium was primarily used in small amounts for yellow glass and pottery glazes, such as uranium glass. Uranium is also used by the military to power nuclear submarines and in nuclear weapons. Due to its high density, this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses.[10] Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost. The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter). Depleted uranium is uranium that has much less uranium-235 than natural uranium. It is considerably less radioactive than natural uranium. It is a dense metal that can be used as ballast for ships and counterweights for aircraft. It is also used in ammunition and armour. Depleted uranium can be also used to shield radiation. Depleted uranium is much more effective due to its higher Z. Depleted uranium is used for shielding in portable gamma ray sources. Uranium is used in high-speed steels as an alloying agent to improve strength and toughness. Uranium trioxide (also called uranic oxide) with formula UO3, is an orange-yellow powder and is used as a pigment for ceramics. In glasses it produces a beautiful greenish-yellow “uranium glass”.

Thorium and Uranium – Comparison in Table

Element	Thorium	Uranium
Density	11.724 g/cm3	19.05 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	220 MPa	390 MPa
Yield Strength	144 MPa	190 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	79 GPa	208 GPa
Mohs Scale	3	6
Brinell Hardness	400 MPa	2400 MPa
Vickers Hardness	350 MPa	1960 MPa
Melting Point	1750 °C	1132 °C
Boiling Point	4790 °C	4131 °C
Thermal Conductivity	54 W/mK	27 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	11 µm/mK	13.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.12 J/g K	0.12 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	13.8 kJ/mol	8.52 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	514.4 kJ/mol	417 kJ/mol

Holmium and Ytterbium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-27 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of holmium and ytterbium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Holmium vs Ytterbium.

holmium and ytterbium - comparison

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Holmium and Ytterbium – About Elements

Holmium

Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal.

Ytterbium

Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides.

Holmium in Periodic Table

Ytterbium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Holmium and Ytterbium – Applications

Holmium

Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any element, and therefore is used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields. Holmium can absorb neutrons, so it is used in nuclear reactors to keep a chain reaction under control. Its alloys are used in some magnets.

Ytterbium

Ytterbium is beginning to find a variety of uses, such as in memory devices and tuneable lasers. It can also be used as an industrial catalyst and is increasingly being used to replace other catalysts considered to be too toxic and polluting. A small amount of ytterbium is used to add strength to specific steel types. Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel.

Holmium and Ytterbium – Comparison in Table

Element	Holmium	Ytterbium
Density	8.795 g/cm3	6.57 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	260 MPa	69 MPa
Yield Strength	220 MPa	66 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	64.8 GPa	23.9 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	750 MPa	340 MPa
Vickers Hardness	490 MPa	210 MPa
Melting Point	1474 °C	819 °C
Boiling Point	2600 °C	1196 °C
Thermal Conductivity	16 W/mK	39 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	11.2 µm/mK	26.3 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.16 J/g K	0.15 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	12.2 kJ/mol	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	241 kJ/mol	128.9 kJ/mol

Neodymium and Dysprosium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-27 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of neodymium and dysprosium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Neodymium vs Dysprosium.

neodymium and dysprosium - comparison

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Neodymium and Dysprosium – About Elements

Neodymium

Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a rare earth, it is a fairly common element.

Dysprosium

Dysprosium is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications.

Neodymium in Periodic Table

Dysprosium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Neodymium and Dysprosium – Applications

Neodymium

The most important use for neodymium is in an alloy with iron and boron to make very strong permanent magnets. These magnets are widely used in such products as microphones, professional loudspeakers, in-ear headphones, high performance hobby DC electric motors, and computer hard disks, where low magnet mass (or volume) or strong magnetic fields are required. Larger neodymium magnets are used in high-power-versus-weight electric motors (for example in hybrid cars) and generators (for example aircraft and wind turbine electric generators). Neodymium is a component, along with praseodymium, of didymium glass. This is a special glass for goggles used during glass blowing and welding. The element colours glass delicate shades of violet, wine-red and grey. Neodymium is also used in the glass for tanning booths, since it transmits the tanning UV rays but not the heating infrared rays.

Dysprosium

Dysprosium is utilized in ferrites and magnetic alloys for microwave use. Dysprosium is increasingly in demand for the permanent magnets used in electric-car motors and wind-turbine generators. Special stainless steels alloyed with dysprosium are used in nuclear control applications, that is, nuclear reactor control rods. The candidate of a new absorber material for accident-tollerant control rods includes gadolinia (Gd2O3), samaria (Sm2O3), europia (Eu2O3), dysprosia (Dy2O3), hafnia (HfO2).

Neodymium and Dysprosium – Comparison in Table

Element	Neodymium	Dysprosium
Density	7.01 g/cm3	8.551 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	155 MPa	220 MPa
Yield Strength	150 MPa	200 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	41.4 GPa	61.4 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	265 MPa	500 MPa
Vickers Hardness	350 MPa	550 MPa
Melting Point	1016 °C	1412 °C
Boiling Point	3074 °C	2567 °C
Thermal Conductivity	17 W/mK	11 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	9.6 µm/mK	9.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.19 J/g K	0.17 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	7.14 kJ/mol	11.06 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	273 kJ/mol	230.1 kJ/mol

Terbium and Dysprosium – Comparison – Properties

2022-10-182021-01-27 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of terbium and dysprosium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Terbium vs Dysprosium.

terbium and dysprosium - comparison

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Terbium and Dysprosium – About Elements

Terbium

Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas.

Dysprosium

Terbium in Periodic Table

Dysprosium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Terbium and Dysprosium – Applications

Terbium

Terbium is used as a dopant in calcium fluoride, calcium tungstate, and strontium molybdate, materials that are used in solid-state devices. It is also used in low-energy lightbulbs and mercury lamps. Terbium oxide is used in green phosphors in fluorescent lamps and color TV tubes. It has been used to improve the safety of medical x-rays by allowing the same quality image to be produced with a much shorter exposure time. Terbium salts are used in laser devices.

Dysprosium

Dysprosium is utilized in ferrites and magnetic alloys for microwave use. Dysprosium is increasingly in demand for the permanent magnets used in electric-car motors and wind-turbine generators. Special stainless steels alloyed with dysprosium are used in nuclear control applications, that is, nuclear reactor control rods. The candidate of a new absorber material for accident-tollerant control rods includes gadolinium (Gd2O3), samarium (Sm2O3), europium (Eu2O3), dysprosium (Dy2O3), hafnium (HfO2).

Terbium and Dysprosium – Comparison in Table

Element	Terbium	Dysprosium
Density	8.219 g/cm3	8.551 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A	220 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A	200 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	55.7 GPa	61.4 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	680 MPa	500 MPa
Vickers Hardness	860 MPa	550 MPa
Melting Point	1365 °C	1412 °C
Boiling Point	3123 °C	2567 °C
Thermal Conductivity	11 W/mK	11 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	10.3 µm/mK	9.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.18 J/g K	0.17 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	10.8 kJ/mol	11.06 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	330.9 kJ/mol	230.1 kJ/mol

Europium and Dysprosium – Comparison – Properties

2022-10-182021-01-27 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of europium and dysprosium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Europium vs Dysprosium.

europium and dysprosium - comparison

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Europium and Dysprosium – About Elements

Europium

Europium is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Europium is one of the least abundant elements in the universe. Only about 5×10−8% of all matter in the universe is europium.

Dysprosium

Europium in Periodic Table

Dysprosium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Europium and Dysprosium – Applications

Europium

Europium is used in the printing of euro banknotes. It glows red under UV light, and forgeries can be detected by the lack of this red glow. It is a dopant in some types of glass in lasers and other optoelectronic devices. Since the isotopes of europium act as good neutron absorbers, they are being studied for use in nuclear control applications, such as in burnable absorbers.

Dysprosium

Dysprosium is utilized in ferrites and magnetic alloys for microwave use. Dysprosium is increasingly in demand for the permanent magnets used in electric-car motors and wind-turbine generators. Special stainless steels alloyed with dysprosium are used in nuclear control applications, that is, nuclear reactor control rods. The candidate of a new absorber material for accident-tollerant control rods includes gadolinium (Gd2O3), samarium (Sm2O3), europium (Eu2O3), dysprosium (Dy2O3), hafnium (HfO2).

Europium and Dysprosium – Comparison in Table

Element	Europium	Dysprosium
Density	5.244 g/cm3	8.551 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	120 MPa	220 MPa
Yield Strength	60 MPa	200 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	18.2 GPa	61.4 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A	500 MPa
Vickers Hardness	170 MPa	550 MPa
Melting Point	822 °C	1412 °C
Boiling Point	1529 °C	2567 °C
Thermal Conductivity	14 W/mK	11 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	35 µm/mK	9.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.18 J/g K	0.17 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	9.21 kJ/mol	11.06 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	143.5 kJ/mol	230.1 kJ/mol

Europium and Ytterbium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-27 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of europium and ytterbium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Europium vs Ytterbium.

europium and ytterbium - comparison

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Europium and Ytterbium – About Elements

Europium

Ytterbium

Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides.

Europium in Periodic Table

Ytterbium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Europium and Ytterbium – Applications

Europium

Ytterbium

Europium and Ytterbium – Comparison in Table

Element	Europium	Ytterbium
Density	5.244 g/cm3	6.57 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	120 MPa	69 MPa
Yield Strength	60 MPa	66 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	18.2 GPa	23.9 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A	340 MPa
Vickers Hardness	170 MPa	210 MPa
Melting Point	822 °C	819 °C
Boiling Point	1529 °C	1196 °C
Thermal Conductivity	14 W/mK	39 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	35 µm/mK	26.3 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.18 J/g K	0.15 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	9.21 kJ/mol	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	143.5 kJ/mol	128.9 kJ/mol

Europium and Gadolinium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-27 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of europium and gadolinium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Europium vs Gadolinium.

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Europium and Gadolinium – About Elements

Europium

Gadolinium

Gadolinium belongs to a rare earth elements (it is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table). In nuclear industry gadolinium is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorbtion cross-section of two isotopes 155Gd and 157Gd. In fact their absorption cross-sections are the highest among all stable isotopes.

Europium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Europium and Gadolinium – Applications

Europium

Gadolinium

Gadolinium possesses unusual metallurgical properties, to the extent that as little as 1% of gadolinium can significantly improve the workability and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures of iron, chromium, and related metals. Gadolinium as a metal or a salt absorbs neutrons and is, therefore, used sometimes for shielding in neutron radiography and in nuclear reactors. Gadolinium is widely used as a burnable absorber, which is commonly used in fresh fuel to compensate an excess of reactivity of reactor core. Among all known stable elements, gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section (49,000 barns). Gadolinium barium copper oxide (GdBCO) has been researched for its superconducting properties with applications in superconducting motors or generators – for example in a wind turbine.

Europium and Gadolinium – Comparison in Table

Element	Europium	Gadolinium
Density	5.244 g/cm3	7.901 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	120 MPa	170 MPa
Yield Strength	60 MPa	160 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	18.2 GPa	54.8 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A	N/A
Vickers Hardness	170 MPa	570 MPa
Melting Point	822 °C	1313 °C
Boiling Point	1529 °C	3000 °C
Thermal Conductivity	14 W/mK	11 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	35 µm/mK	9.4 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.18 J/g K	0.23 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	9.21 kJ/mol	10.05 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	143.5 kJ/mol	359.4 kJ/mol

Europium and Tantalum – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-26 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of europium and tantalum, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Europium vs Tantalum.

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Europium and Tantalum – About Elements

Europium

Tantalum

Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.

Europium in Periodic Table

Tantalum in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Europium and Tantalum – Applications

Europium

Tantalum

Tantalum consumption is dominated by capacitors for electronic equipment. Capacitors are electrical components that store energy electrostatically in an electric field, and are used in a wide variety of electric and electronic products. Major end uses for tantalum capacitors include portable telephones, pagers, personal computers, and automotive electronics. Alloyed with other metals, tantalum is also used in making carbide tools for metalworking equipment and in the production of superalloys for jet engine components. Compounds of tantalum such as tantalum pentoxide is used to make capacitors and glass with a high index of refraction for use in camera lenses.

Europium and Tantalum – Comparison in Table

Element	Europium	Tantalum
Density	5.244 g/cm3	16.65 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	120 MPa	760 MPa
Yield Strength	60 MPa	705 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	18.2 GPa	186 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A	6.5
Brinell Hardness	N/A	800 MPa
Vickers Hardness	170 MPa	870 MPa
Melting Point	822 °C	2996 °C
Boiling Point	1529 °C	5425 °C
Thermal Conductivity	14 W/mK	57 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	35 µm/mK	6.3 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.18 J/g K	0.14 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	9.21 kJ/mol	31.6 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	143.5 kJ/mol	743 kJ/mol