Nick Connor, Autor Material Properties

Yttrium and Ytterbium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-22 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of yttrium and ytterbium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Yttrium vsYtterbium.

yttrium and ytterbium - comparison

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Yttrium and Ytterbium – About Elements

Yttrium

Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a “rare-earth element”.

Ytterbium

Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides.

Yttrium in Periodic Table

Ytterbium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Yttrium and Ytterbium – Applications

Yttrium

The most important uses of yttrium are LEDs and phosphors, particularly the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties. Small amounts of yttrium (0.1 to 0.2%) have been used to reduce the grain sizes of chromium, molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium. Yttrium is used to increase the strength of aluminium and magnesium alloys.

Ytterbium

Ytterbium is beginning to find a variety of uses, such as in memory devices and tuneable lasers. It can also be used as an industrial catalyst and is increasingly being used to replace other catalysts considered to be too toxic and polluting. A small amount of ytterbium is used to add strength to specific steel types. Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel.

Yttrium and Ytterbium – Comparison in Table

Element	Yttrium	Ytterbium
Density	6.511 g/cm3	6.57 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	330 MPa	69 MPa
Yield Strength	230 MPa	66 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	88 GPa	23.9 GPa
Mohs Scale	5	N/A
Brinell Hardness	650 MPa	340 MPa
Vickers Hardness	900 MPa	210 MPa
Melting Point	1855 °C	819 °C
Boiling Point	4377 °C	1196 °C
Thermal Conductivity	22.7 W/mK	39 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	5.7 µm/mK	26.3 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.27 J/g K	0.15 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.9 kJ/mol	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	591 kJ/mol	128.9 kJ/mol

Zirconium and Uranium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-22 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of zirconium and uranium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Zirconium vs Uranium.

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Zirconium and Uranium – About Elements

Zirconium

Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although small amounts are used as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. The desired properties of these alloys are a low neutron-capture cross-section and resistance to corrosion under normal service conditions.

Uranium

Uranium is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. Uranium is commonly found at low levels (a few ppm – parts per million) in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals (including humans). Uranium occurs also in seawater, and can be recovered from the ocean water. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as uraninite (the most common uranium ore), phosphate rock deposits, and other minerals.

Zirconium in Periodic Table

Uranium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Zirconium and Uranium – Applications

Zirconium

Most zircon is used directly in high-temperature applications. This material is refractory, hard, and resistant to chemical attack. Because of these properties, zircon finds many applications, few of which are highly publicized. Its main use is as an opacifier, conferring a white, opaque appearance to ceramic materials. Zirconium and its alloys are widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. Zirconium alloyed with niobium or tin has excellent corrosion properties. The high corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys results from the natural formation of a dense stable oxide on the surface of the metal. This film is self healing, it continues to grow slowly at temperatures up to approximately 550 °C (1020 °F), and it remains tightly adherent. The desired property of these alloys is also a low neutron-capture cross-section. The disadvantages of zirconium are low strength properties and low heat resistance, which can be eliminated, for example, by alloying with niobium.

Uranium

The main use of uranium in the civilian sector is to fuel nuclear power plants. One kilogram of uranium-235 can theoretically produce about 20 terajoules of energy, assuming complete fission; as much energy as 1.5 million kilograms (1,500 tonnes) of coal. Typical reactor may contain about 100 tonnes of enriched uranium (i.e. about 113 tonnes of uranium dioxide). This fuel is loaded within, for example, 157 fuel assemblies composed of over 45,000 fuel rods. A common fuel assembly contain energy for approximately 4 years of operation at full power. The removed fuel (spent nuclear fuel) still contains about 96% of reusable material (it must be removed due to decreasing kinf of an assembly). Before (and, occasionally, after) the discovery of radioactivity, uranium was primarily used in small amounts for yellow glass and pottery glazes, such as uranium glass. Uranium is also used by the military to power nuclear submarines and in nuclear weapons. Due to its high density, this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses.[10] Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost. The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter). Depleted uranium is uranium that has much less uranium-235 than natural uranium. It is considerably less radioactive than natural uranium. It is a dense metal that can be used as ballast for ships and counterweights for aircraft. It is also used in ammunition and armour. Depleted uranium can be also used to shield radiation. Depleted uranium is much more effective due to its higher Z. Depleted uranium is used for shielding in portable gamma ray sources. Uranium is used in high-speed steels as an alloying agent to improve strength and toughness. Uranium trioxide (also called uranic oxide) with formula UO3, is an orange-yellow powder and is used as a pigment for ceramics. In glasses it produces a beautiful greenish-yellow “uranium glass”.

Zirconium and Uranium – Comparison in Table

Element	Zirconium	Uranium
Density	6.511 g/cm3	19.05 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	330 MPa	390 MPa
Yield Strength	230 MPa	190 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	88 GPa	208 GPa
Mohs Scale	5	6
Brinell Hardness	650 MPa	2400 MPa
Vickers Hardness	900 MPa	1960 MPa
Melting Point	1855 °C	1132 °C
Boiling Point	4377 °C	4131 °C
Thermal Conductivity	22.7 W/mK	27 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	5.7 µm/mK	13.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.27 J/g K	0.12 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.9 kJ/mol	8.52 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	591 kJ/mol	417 kJ/mol

Zirconium and Niobium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-22 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of zirconium and niobium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Zirconium vs Niobium.

zirconium and niobium - comparison

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Zirconium and Niobium – About Elements

Zirconium

Niobium

Niobium is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, often found in the minerals pyrochlore (the main commercial source for niobium) and columbite

Zirconium in Periodic Table

Niobium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Zirconium and Niobium – Applications

Zirconium

Niobium

Niobium consumption is dominated by its use as additive to high strength low alloy steel and stainless steel for oil and gas pipelines, car and truck bodies, architectural requirements, tool steels, ships hulls, railroad tracks. However, there are a number of other applications for niobium metal and its compounds. Although niobium has many applications the majority is used in the production of high-grade structural steel. The second largest application for niobium is in nickel-based superalloys. Niobium-tin alloys are used as superconducting magnets.

Zirconium and Niobium – Comparison in Table

Element	Zirconium	Niobium
Density	6.511 g/cm3	8.57 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	330 MPa	275 MPa
Yield Strength	230 MPa	70 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	88 GPa	105 GPa
Mohs Scale	5	6
Brinell Hardness	650 MPa	740 MPa
Vickers Hardness	900 MPa	1300 MPa
Melting Point	1855 °C	2477 °C
Boiling Point	4377 °C	4744 °C
Thermal Conductivity	22.7 W/mK	53.7 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	5.7 µm/mK	7.3 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.27 J/g K	0.26 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.9 kJ/mol	26.4 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	591 kJ/mol	682 kJ/mol

Zirconium and Hafnium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-22 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of zirconium and hafnium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Zirconium vs Hafnium.

zirconium and hafnium - comparison

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Zirconium and Hafnium – About Elements

Zirconium

Hafnium

Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Hafnium’s large neutron capture cross-section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors.

Zirconium in Periodic Table

Hafnium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Zirconium and Hafnium – Applications

Zirconium

Hafnium

Hafnium has good neutron-absorbing properties, and hence it is used in control rods in nuclear reactors, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors. While hafnium nitride is the most refractory of all the metal nitrides, hafnium carbide is the most refractory of all the binary materials. With a melting point of about 3900 °C it is one of the most refractory binary compounds known. Hafnium has been successfully alloyed with several metals including iron, titanium and niobium.

Zirconium and Hafnium – Comparison in Table

Element	Zirconium	Hafnium
Density	6.511 g/cm3	13.31 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	330 MPa	480 MPa
Yield Strength	230 MPa	125 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	88 GPa	78 GPa
Mohs Scale	5	5.5
Brinell Hardness	650 MPa	1700 MPa
Vickers Hardness	900 MPa	1700 MPa
Melting Point	1855 °C	2227 °C
Boiling Point	4377 °C	4600 °C
Thermal Conductivity	22.7 W/mK	23 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	5.7 µm/mK	5.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.27 J/g K	0.14 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.9 kJ/mol	24.06 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	591 kJ/mol	575 kJ/mol

Zirconium and Tungsten – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-22 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of zirconium and tungsten, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Zirconium vs Tungsten.

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Zirconium and Tungsten – About Elements

Zirconium

Tungsten

Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work.

Zirconium in Periodic Table

Tungsten in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Zirconium and Tungsten – Applications

Zirconium

Tungsten

Tungsten is widely used metal. Approximately half of the tungsten is consumed for the production of hard materials – namely tungsten carbide – with the remaining major use being in alloys and steels. Mining and mineral processing demand wear-resistant machines and components, because the energies and masses of interacting bodies are significant. For this purposes, materials with the highest wear-resistance must be used. For example, tungsten carbide is used extensively in mining in top hammer rock drill bits, downhole hammers, roller-cutters, long wall plough chisels, long wall shearer picks, raiseboring reamers, and tunnel boring machines. The remaining 40% is generally used to make various alloys and specialty steels, electrodes, filaments, wires, as well as diverse components for electric, electronic, heating, lighting, and welding applications. High-speed steels are complex iron-base alloys of carbon, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, or tungsten (as much as 18%), or combinations there of.

Zirconium and Tungsten – Comparison in Table

Element	Zirconium	Tungsten
Density	6.511 g/cm3	19.25 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	330 MPa	980 MPa
Yield Strength	230 MPa	750 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	88 GPa	411 GPa
Mohs Scale	5	7.5
Brinell Hardness	650 MPa	3000 MPa
Vickers Hardness	900 MPa	3500 MPa
Melting Point	1855 °C	3410 °C
Boiling Point	4377 °C	59300 °C
Thermal Conductivity	22.7 W/mK	170 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	5.7 µm/mK	4.5 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.27 J/g K	0.13 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.9 kJ/mol	35.4 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	591 kJ/mol	824 kJ/mol

Molybdenum and Tungsten – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-22 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of molybdenum and tungsten, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Molybdenum vs Tungsten.

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Molybdenum and Tungsten – About Elements

Molybdenum

Molybdenum a silvery metal with a gray cast, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides in alloys, and for this reason most of world production of the element (about 80%) is used in steel alloys, including high-strength alloys and superalloys.

Tungsten

Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work.

Molybdenum in Periodic Table

Tungsten in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Molybdenum and Tungsten – Applications

Molybdenum

About 86% of molybdenum produced is used in metallurgy, with the rest used in chemical applications. The estimated global use is structural steel 35%, stainless steel 25%, chemicals 14%, tool & high-speed steels 9%, cast iron 6%, molybdenum elemental metal 6%, and superalloys 5%. Molybdenum (about 0.50-8.00%) when added to a tool steel makes it more resistant to high temperature. Molybdenum increases hardenability and strength, particularly at high temperatures due to the high melting point of molybdenum. Molybdenum is unique in the extent to which it increases the high-temperature tensile and creep strengths of steel. Molybdenum anodes replace tungsten in certain low voltage X-ray sources for specialized uses such as mammography. The radioactive isotope molybdenum-99 is used to generate technetium-99m, used for medical imaging. The isotope is handled and stored as the molybdate.

Tungsten

Molybdenum and Tungsten – Comparison in Table

Element	Molybdenum	Tungsten
Density	10.28 g/cm3	19.25 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	324 MPa	980 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A	750 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	329 GPa	411 GPa
Mohs Scale	5.5	7.5
Brinell Hardness	1500 MPa	3000 MPa
Vickers Hardness	1530 MPa	3500 MPa
Melting Point	2623 °C	3410 °C
Boiling Point	4639 °C	59300 °C
Thermal Conductivity	138 W/mK	170 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	4.8 µm/mK	4.5 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.25 J/g K	0.13 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	32 kJ/mol	35.4 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	598 kJ/mol	824 kJ/mol

Strontium and Iodine – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-21 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of strontium and iodine, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Strontium vs Iodine.

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Strontium and Iodine – About Elements

Strontium

Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically.

Iodine

Iodine is the heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient.

Strontium in Periodic Table

Iodine in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Strontium and Iodine – Applications

Strontium

Consuming 75% of production, the primary use for strontium was in glass for colour television cathode ray tubes. Strontium is best known for the brilliant reds its salts give to fireworks and flares. It is also used in producing ferrite magnets and refining zinc. Modern ‘glow-in-the-dark’ paints and plastics contain strontium aluminate. They absorb light during the day and release it slowly for hours afterwards. The isotope Sr90 has a half-life of 28 years and is one of the well-known high-energy beta emitters. Hence, it is employed in systems for nuclear auxiliary power (SNAP) devices, which find potential applications in remote weather stations, space vehicles, navigational buoys, etc.

Iodine

In addition to nutrition products, iodine and iodine derivatives are used in a wide range of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. About half of all produced iodine goes into various organoiodine compounds, another 15% remains as the pure element, another 15% is used to form potassium iodide, and another 15% for other inorganic iodine compounds. The leading application is in the production of X-ray contrast media (22%). Iodine’s high atomic number and density make it ideally suited for this application, as its presence in the body can help to increase contrast between tissues, organs, and blood vessels with similar X-ray densities. It is used as an antiseptic for external wounds. Another application driving the demand for iodine is in polarizing film in liquidcrystal display (LCD) screens.

Strontium and Iodine – Comparison in Table

Element	Strontium	Iodine
Density	2.63 g/cm3	4.94 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	15.7 GPa	N/A
Mohs Scale	1.8	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A	N/A
Melting Point	777 °C	113.5 °C
Boiling Point	1382 °C	184 °C
Thermal Conductivity	35.3 W/mK	0.449 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	22.5 µm/mK	N/A
Specific Heat	0.3 J/g K	0.214 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	8.3 kJ/mol	7.824 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	144 kJ/mol	20.752 kJ/mol

Rubidium and Caesium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-21 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of rubidium and caesium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Rubidium vs Caesium.

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Rubidium and Caesium – About Elements

Rubidium

Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, including rapid oxidation in air.

Caesium

Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.

Strontium in Periodic Table

Caesium in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Rubidium and Caesium – Applications

Rubidium

The photoemissive property of rubidium, which is that of a surface emitting free electrons when impinged upon by electromagnetic radiation, makes possible the following applications. A rubidium-tellurium photoemissive surface is used in photoelectric cells, which are incorporated in a variety of electronic detection and activation devices. It is sensitive to a wide spectrum of radiation from the mid-ultraviolet through the visible into the near-infrared. A rubidium-cesium-antimony coating is commonly applied to the photocathodes of photomultiplier tubes. Rubidium-82 is used for positron emission tomography.

Caesium

The largest present-day use of nonradioactive caesium is in caesium formate drilling fluids for the extractive oil industry. They are also used to make special optical glass, as a catalyst promoter, in vacuum tubes and in radiation monitoring equipment. One of its most important uses is in the ‘caesium clock’ (atomic clock). These clocks are a vital part of the internetand mobile phone networks, as well as Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Caesium-137 is a radioisotope commonly used as a gamma-emitter in industrial applications.

Rubidium and Caesium – Comparison in Table

Element	Rubidium	Caesium
Density	1.532 g/cm3	1.879 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	2.4 GPa	1.7 GPa
Mohs Scale	0.3	0.2
Brinell Hardness	0.216 MPa	0.14 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A	N/A
Melting Point	39.31 °C	28.4 °C
Boiling Point	688 °C	669 °C
Thermal Conductivity	58.2 W/mK	36 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	90 µm/mK	97 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.363 J/g K	0.24 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	2.192 kJ/mol	2.092 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	72.216 kJ/mol	67.74 kJ/mol

Rubidium and Strontium – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-21 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of rubidium and strontium, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Rubidium vs Strontium.

rubidium and strontium - comparison

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Rubidium and Strontium – About Elements

Rubidium

Strontium

Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically.

Strontium in Periodic Table

Iodine in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Rubidium and Strontium – Applications

Rubidium

Strontium

Rubidium and Strontium – Comparison in Table

Element	Rubidium	Strontium
Density	1.532 g/cm3	2.63 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	2.4 GPa	15.7 GPa
Mohs Scale	0.3	1.8
Brinell Hardness	0.216 MPa	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A	N/A
Melting Point	39.31 °C	777 °C
Boiling Point	688 °C	1382 °C
Thermal Conductivity	58.2 W/mK	35.3 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	90 µm/mK	22.5 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.363 J/g K	0.3 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	2.192 kJ/mol	8.3 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	72.216 kJ/mol	144 kJ/mol

Rubidium and Iodine – Comparison – Properties

2021-01-21 by Nick Connor

This article contains comparison of key thermal and atomic properties of rubidium and iodine, two comparable chemical elements from the periodic table. It also contains basic descriptions and applications of both elements. Rubidium vs Iodine.

rubidium and iodine - comparison

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Rubidium and Iodine – About Elements

Rubidium

Iodine

Rubidium in Periodic Table

Iodine in Periodic Table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Rubidium and Iodine – Applications

Rubidium

Iodine

Rubidium and Iodine – Comparison in Table

Element	Rubidium	Iodine
Density	1.532 g/cm3	4.94 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	2.4 GPa	N/A
Mohs Scale	0.3	N/A
Brinell Hardness	0.216 MPa	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A	N/A
Melting Point	39.31 °C	113.5 °C
Boiling Point	688 °C	184 °C
Thermal Conductivity	58.2 W/mK	0.449 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	90 µm/mK	N/A
Specific Heat	0.363 J/g K	0.214 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	2.192 kJ/mol	7.824 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	72.216 kJ/mol	20.752 kJ/mol