Barium - Properties - Price - Applications

About Barium

Barium is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. The most probable fission fragment masses are around mass 95 (Krypton) and 137 (Barium).

Summary

Element	Barium
Atomic number	56
Element category	Alkaline Earth Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	3.51 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	13 GPa
Mohs Scale	1.25
Brinell Hardness	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	725 °C
Boiling Point	1845 °C
Thermal Conductivity	18 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	20.6 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.204 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	7.75 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	142 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	332
Magnetic Susceptibility	+20.6e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Barium

Barium is not an extensively used element. Most is used in drilling fluids for oil and gas wells. It is also used in paint and in glassmaking. Barium is also a key element in the production of ceramic superconductors. Lanthanum barium copper oxide, or LBCO, was discovered in 1986 and was the first high temperature superconductor.

Production and Price of Barium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Barium were at around 550 $/kg.

The primary commercial source of barium is baryte (also called barytes or heavy spar), a barium sulfate mineral with deposits in many parts of the world. Another commercial source, far less important than baryte, is witherite, barium carbonate.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Barium

Strength of Barium

In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. In designing structures and machines, it is important to consider these factors, in order that the material selected will have adequate strength to resist applied loads or forces and retain its original shape. Strength of a material is its ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation.

For tensile stress, the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate is known as ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Yield strength or yield stress is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins.

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Barium

Ultimate tensile strength of Barium is N/A.

Yield Strength of Barium

Yield strength of Barium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Barium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Barium is N/A.

Hardness of Barium

In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized plastic deformation) and scratching. Brinell hardness test is one of indentation hardness tests, that has been developed for hardness testing. In Brinell tests, a hard, spherical indenter is forced under a specific load into the surface of the metal to be tested.

Brinell hardness of Barium is approximately N/A.

The Vickers hardness test method was developed by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. The Vickers hardness test method can be also used as a microhardness test method, which is mostly used for small parts, thin sections, or case depth work.

Vickers hardness of Barium is approximately N/A.

Scratch hardness is the measure of how resistant a sample is to permanent plastic deformation due to friction from a sharp object. The most common scale for this qualitative test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is based on the ability of one natural sample of mineral to scratch another mineral visibly.

Barium is has a hardness of approximately 1.25.

Barium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Barium is body-centered cubic structure.

In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. A crystal lattice is a repeating pattern of mathematical points that extends throughout space. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc.), and shape. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices.

Crystal Structure of Barium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Barium

Barium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Barium is 725°C.

Boiling point of Barium is 1845°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Barium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Barium is 18 W/(m·K).

The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured in W/m.K. It is a measure of a substance’s ability to transfer heat through a material by conduction. Note that Fourier’s law applies for all matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas), therefore, it is also defined for liquids and gases.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Barium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Barium is 20.6 µm/(m·K)

Thermal expansion is generally the tendency of matter to change its dimensions in response to a change in temperature. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in length or volume per unit temperature change.

Barium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Barium is 0.204 J/g K.

Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning it is proportional to the size of the system. Heat capacity C has the unit of energy per degree or energy per kelvin. When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property, the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Barium is 7.75 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Barium is 142 kJ/mol.

Latent heat is the amount of heat added to or removed from a substance to produce a change in phase. This energy breaks down the intermolecular attractive forces, and also must provide the energy necessary to expand the gas (the pΔV work). When latent heat is added, no temperature change occurs. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Barium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

Electrical property refers to the response of a material to an applied electric field. One of the principal characteristics of materials is their ability (or lack of ability) to conduct electrical current. Indeed, materials are classified by this property, that is, they are divided into conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors.

Electrical Resistivity of Barium

Electrical resistivity of Barium is 332 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Barium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Barium

Magnetic susceptibility of Barium is +20.6e-6 cm^3/mol.

In electromagnetism, magnetic susceptibility is the measure of the magnetization of a substance. Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality factor that indicates the degree of magnetization of Barium in response to an applied magnetic field.