Facebook Instagram Youtube Twitter

Fluorine – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

Fluorine-properties-price-application-production

About Fluorine

Fluorine is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.

Summary

Element Fluorine
Atomic number 9
Element category Halogen
Phase at STP Gas
Density 0.0017 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength N/A
Yield Strength N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity N/A
Mohs Scale N/A
Brinell Hardness N/A
Vickers Hardness N/A
Melting Point -219.8 °C
Boiling Point -188.1 °C
Thermal Conductivity 0.0279 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient — µm/mK
Specific Heat 0.82 J/g K
Heat of Fusion 0.2552 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization 3.2698 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]
Magnetic Susceptibility N/A

Applications of Fluorine

Owing to the expense of refining pure fluorine, most commercial applications use fluorine compounds, with about half of mined fluorite used in steelmaking. The rest of the fluorite is converted into corrosive hydrogen fluoride en route to various organic fluorides, or into cryolite, which plays a key role in aluminium refining. Most commercial uranium enrichment processes (gaseous diffusion and the gas centrifuge method) require the uranium to be in a gaseous form, therefore the uranium oxide concentrate must be first converted to uranium hexafluoride, which is a gas at relatively low temperatures. Molecules containing a carbon–fluorine bond often have very high chemical and thermal stability; their major uses are as refrigerants, electrical insulation and cookware, the last as PTFE (Teflon).

Fluorine-applications

Production and Price of Fluorine

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Fluorine were at around 1900 $/kg.

Fluorine is obtained by the electrolysis of a solution of potassium hydrogendifluoride in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Hydrogen fluoride is produced in kilns by the endothermic reaction of fluorite (CaF2) with sulfuric acid.

Fluorine-periodic-table

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Fluorine

Fluorine-mechanical-properties-strength-hardness-crystal-structure

Strength of Fluorine

In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. In designing structures and machines, it is important to consider these factors, in order that the material selected will have adequate strength to resist applied loads or forces and retain its original shape. Strength of a material is its ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation.

For tensile stress, the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate is known as ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Yield strength or yield stress is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins.

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Fluorine

Ultimate tensile strength of Fluorine is N/A.

Yield Strength of Fluorine

Yield strength of Fluorine is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Fluorine

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Fluorine is N/A.

Hardness of Fluorine

In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized plastic deformation) and scratchingBrinell hardness test is one of indentation hardness tests, that has been developed for hardness testing. In Brinell tests, a hard, spherical indenter is forced under a specific load into the surface of the metal to be tested.

Brinell hardness of Fluorine is approximately N/A.

The Vickers hardness test method was developed by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. The Vickers hardness test method can be also used as a microhardness test method, which is mostly used for small parts, thin sections, or case depth work.

Vickers hardness of Fluorine is approximately N/A.

Scratch hardness is the measure of how resistant a sample is to permanent plastic deformation due to friction from a sharp object. The most common scale for this qualitative test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is based on the ability of one natural sample of mineral to scratch another mineral visibly.

Fluorine is has a hardness of approximately N/A.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Fluorine – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Fluorine is cubic structure.

crystal structures - FCC, BCC, HCP

In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. A crystal lattice is a repeating pattern of mathematical points that extends throughout space. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc.), and shape. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices.

See also: Crystal Structure of Materials

Crystal Structure of Fluorine
Crystal Structure of Fluorine is: cubic

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

 

Thermal Properties of Fluorine

Fluorine-melting-point-conductivity-thermal-properties

Fluorine – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Fluorine is -219.8°C.

Boiling point of Fluorine is -188.1°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Fluorine – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Fluorine is 0.0279 W/(m·K).

The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured in W/m.K. It is a measure of a substance’s ability to transfer heat through a material by conduction. Note that Fourier’s law applies for all matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas), therefore, it is also defined for liquids and gases.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Fluorine

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Fluorine is — µm/(m·K)

Thermal expansion is generally the tendency of matter to change its dimensions in response to a change in temperature. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in length or volume per unit temperature change.

Fluorine – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Fluorine is 0.82 J/g K.

Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning it is proportional to the size of the system. Heat capacity C has the unit of energy per degree or energy per kelvin. When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property, the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Fluorine is 0.2552 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Fluorine is 3.2698 kJ/mol.

Latent heat is the amount of heat added to or removed from a substance to produce a change in phase. This energy breaks down the intermolecular attractive forces, and also must provide the energy necessary to expand the gas (the pΔV work). When latent heat is added, no temperature change occurs. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place.

Melting Point of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - melting point

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - thermal conductivity

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - thermal expansion

Heat Capacity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - heat capacity

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - latent heat fusion

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - latent heat vaporization

Fluorine – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

Fluorine-electrical-resistivity-magnetic-susceptibility

Electrical property refers to the response of a material to an applied electric field. One of the principal characteristics of materials is their ability (or lack of ability) to conduct electrical current. Indeed, materials are classified by this property, that is, they are divided into conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors.

See also: Electrical Properties

Magnetic property refers to the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. The macroscopic magnetic properties of a material are a consequence of interactions between an external magnetic field and the magnetic dipole moments of the constituent atoms. Different materials react to the application of magnetic field differently.

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Fluorine

Electrical resistivity of Fluorine is — nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Fluorine conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Fluorine

Magnetic susceptibility of Fluorine is N/A.

In electromagnetism, magnetic susceptibility is the measure of the magnetization of a substance. Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality factor that indicates the degree of magnetization of Fluorine in response to an applied magnetic field.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements - electrical resistivity

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Fluorine - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Fluorine