Elements - Properties - Price - Applications - Production Archivy - Page 4 of 9

Caesium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Caesium

Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.

Summary

Element	Caesium
Atomic number	55
Element category	Alkali Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	1.879 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	1.7 GPa
Mohs Scale	0.2
Brinell Hardness	0.14 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	28.4 °C
Boiling Point	669 °C
Thermal Conductivity	36 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	97 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.24 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	2.092 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	67.74 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	205
Magnetic Susceptibility	N/A

Applications of Caesium

The largest present-day use of nonradioactive caesium is in caesium formate drilling fluids for the extractive oil industry. They are also used to make special optical glass, as a catalyst promoter, in vacuum tubes and in radiation monitoring equipment. One of its most important uses is in the ‘caesium clock’ (atomic clock). These clocks are a vital part of the internetand mobile phone networks, as well as Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Caesium-137 is a radioisotope commonly used as a gamma-emitter in industrial applications.

Production and Price of Caesium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Caesium were at around 11000 $/kg.

Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, a fission product, are extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors. Mining and refining pollucite ore is a selective process and is conducted on a smaller scale than for most other metals. The ore is crushed, hand-sorted, but not usually concentrated, and then ground. Caesium is then extracted from pollucite primarily by three methods: acid digestion, alkaline decomposition, and direct reduction.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Caesium

Strength of Caesium

In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. In designing structures and machines, it is important to consider these factors, in order that the material selected will have adequate strength to resist applied loads or forces and retain its original shape. Strength of a material is its ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation.

For tensile stress, the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate is known as ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Yield strength or yield stress is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins.

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Caesium

Ultimate tensile strength of Caesium is N/A.

Yield Strength of Caesium

Yield strength of Caesium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Caesium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Caesium is N/A.

Hardness of Caesium

In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized plastic deformation) and scratching. Brinell hardness test is one of indentation hardness tests, that has been developed for hardness testing. In Brinell tests, a hard, spherical indenter is forced under a specific load into the surface of the metal to be tested.

Brinell hardness of Caesium is approximately 0.14 MPa.

The Vickers hardness test method was developed by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. The Vickers hardness test method can be also used as a microhardness test method, which is mostly used for small parts, thin sections, or case depth work.

Vickers hardness of Caesium is approximately N/A.

Scratch hardness is the measure of how resistant a sample is to permanent plastic deformation due to friction from a sharp object. The most common scale for this qualitative test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is based on the ability of one natural sample of mineral to scratch another mineral visibly.

Caesium is has a hardness of approximately 0.2.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Caesium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Caesium is body-centered cubic structure.

In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. A crystal lattice is a repeating pattern of mathematical points that extends throughout space. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc.), and shape. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices.

Crystal Structure of Caesium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Caesium

Caesium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Caesium is 28.4°C.

Boiling point of Caesium is 669°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Caesium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Caesium is 36 W/(m·K).

The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured in W/m.K. It is a measure of a substance’s ability to transfer heat through a material by conduction. Note that Fourier’s law applies for all matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas), therefore, it is also defined for liquids and gases.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Caesium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Caesium is 97 µm/(m·K)

Thermal expansion is generally the tendency of matter to change its dimensions in response to a change in temperature. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in length or volume per unit temperature change.

Caesium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Caesium is 0.24 J/g K.

Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning it is proportional to the size of the system. Heat capacity C has the unit of energy per degree or energy per kelvin. When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property, the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Caesium is 2.092 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Caesium is 67.74 kJ/mol.

Latent heat is the amount of heat added to or removed from a substance to produce a change in phase. This energy breaks down the intermolecular attractive forces, and also must provide the energy necessary to expand the gas (the pΔV work). When latent heat is added, no temperature change occurs. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Caesium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

Electrical property refers to the response of a material to an applied electric field. One of the principal characteristics of materials is their ability (or lack of ability) to conduct electrical current. Indeed, materials are classified by this property, that is, they are divided into conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors.

See also: Electrical Properties

Magnetic property refers to the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. The macroscopic magnetic properties of a material are a consequence of interactions between an external magnetic field and the magnetic dipole moments of the constituent atoms. Different materials react to the application of magnetic field differently.

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Caesium

Electrical resistivity of Caesium is 205 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Caesium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Caesium

Magnetic susceptibility of Caesium is N/A.

In electromagnetism, magnetic susceptibility is the measure of the magnetization of a substance. Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality factor that indicates the degree of magnetization of Caesium in response to an applied magnetic field.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Caesium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Caesium

Xenon – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Xenon

Xenon is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere in trace amounts.[10] Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions. Xenon was first discovered in 1898 by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers. The name xenon for this gas comes from the Greek word ξένον [xenon], neuter singular form of ξένος [xenos], meaning ‘foreign(er)’, ‘strange(r)’, or ‘guest’. In nuclear industry, especially artificial xenon 135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. For physicists and for reactor operators, it is important to understand the mechanisms that produce and remove xenon from the reactor to predict how the reactor will respond following changes in power level.

Summary

Element	Xenon
Atomic number	54
Element category	Noble Gas
Phase at STP	Gas
Density	0.0059 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	N/A
Mohs Scale	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	-111.8 °C
Boiling Point	-107.1 °C
Thermal Conductivity	0.00565 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	— µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.158 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	2.297 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	12.636 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	—
Magnetic Susceptibility	−44e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Xenon

Xenon is useful in the following applications. The white flash of light produced by xenon makes it suitable for usage in strobe lights and to power ruby lasers. Xenon is used in light-emitting devices called xenon flash lamps, used in photographic flashes and stroboscopic lamps.

Production and Price of Xenon

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Xenon were at around 1200 $/kg.

Xenon can be extracted by subjecting liquefied air to fractional distillation and removing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and oxygen from the resulting residues of liquefied air. At present, xenon and krypton are produced as a by-product in giant air separation stations at metallurgical factories.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Xenon

Strength of Xenon

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Xenon

Ultimate tensile strength of Xenon is N/A.

Yield Strength of Xenon

Yield strength of Xenon is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Xenon

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Xenon is N/A.

Hardness of Xenon

Brinell hardness of Xenon is approximately N/A.

Vickers hardness of Xenon is approximately N/A.

Xenon is has a hardness of approximately N/A.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Xenon – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Xenon is face-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Xenon

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Xenon

Xenon – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Xenon is -111.8°C.

Boiling point of Xenon is -107.1°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Xenon – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Xenon is 0.00565 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Xenon

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Xenon is — µm/(m·K)

Xenon – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Xenon is 0.158 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Xenon is 2.297 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Xenon is 12.636 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Xenon – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Xenon

Electrical resistivity of Xenon is — nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Xenon conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Xenon

Magnetic susceptibility of Xenon is −44e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Xenon - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Xenon

Iodine – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Iodine

Iodine is the heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient.

Summary

Element	Iodine
Atomic number	53
Element category	Halogen
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	4.94 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	N/A
Mohs Scale	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	113.5 °C
Boiling Point	184 °C
Thermal Conductivity	0.449 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	— µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.214 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	7.824 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	20.752 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	1E16
Magnetic Susceptibility	−88e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Iodine

In addition to nutrition products, iodine and iodine derivatives are used in a wide range of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. About half of all produced iodine goes into various organoiodine compounds, another 15% remains as the pure element, another 15% is used to form potassium iodide, and another 15% for other inorganic iodine compounds. The leading application is in the production of X-ray contrast media (22%). Iodine’s high atomic number and density make it ideally suited for this application, as its presence in the body can help to increase contrast between tissues, organs, and blood vessels with similar X-ray densities. It is used as an antiseptic for external wounds. Another application driving the demand for iodine is in polarizing film in liquidcrystal display (LCD) screens

Production and Price of Iodine

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Iodine were at around 83 $/kg.

Iodine is produced commercially from iodine-containing brines. Natural brines, or brines extracted from oil wells containing up to 150 mg per litre (0.02 ounce per gallon) of iodine, are found in Java, California, and northern Italy; the world’s top producers include Chile, Japan, China, Russia, and Azerbaijan.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Iodine

Strength of Iodine

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Iodine

Ultimate tensile strength of Iodine is N/A.

Yield Strength of Iodine

Yield strength of Iodine is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Iodine

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Iodine is N/A.

Hardness of Iodine

Brinell hardness of Iodine is approximately N/A.

Vickers hardness of Iodine is approximately N/A.

Iodine is has a hardness of approximately N/A.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Iodine – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Iodine is orthorhombic structure.

Crystal Structure of Iodine

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Iodine

Iodine – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Iodine is 113.5°C.

Boiling point of Iodine is 184°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Iodine – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Iodine is 0.449 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Iodine

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Iodine is — µm/(m·K)

Iodine – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Iodine is 0.214 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Iodine is 7.824 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Iodine is 20.752 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Iodine – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Iodine

Electrical resistivity of Iodine is 1E16 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Iodine conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Iodine

Magnetic susceptibility of Iodine is −88e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Iodine - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Iodine

Tellurium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Tellurium

Tellurium is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. Tellurium is far more common in the universe as a whole than on Earth. Its extreme rarity in the Earth’s crust, comparable to that of platinum.

Summary

Element	Tellurium
Atomic number	52
Element category	Metalloids
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6.24 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	11 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	43 GPa
Mohs Scale	2.3
Brinell Hardness	200 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	449.5 °C
Boiling Point	989.8 °C
Thermal Conductivity	3 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	18 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.2 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	17.49 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	52.55 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	—
Magnetic Susceptibility	−39.5e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Tellurium

The largest consumer of tellurium is metallurgy in iron, stainless steel, copper, and lead alloys. Tellurium is used in alloys, mostly with copper and stainless steel, to improve their machinability. When added to lead it makes it more resistant to acids and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium has been used to vulcanise rubber, to tint glass and ceramics, in solar cells, and as a catalyst in oil refining. Tellurium as a tellurium suboxide is used in the media later of several types of rewritable optical discs including CD-RW, DVD-RW and rewritable blu-ray discs. It can be doped with silver, gold, copper or tin in semiconductor applications. The use of high-purity tellurium in cadmium telluride solar cells is very promising. Some of the highest efficiencies for electric power generation have been obtained by using this material, but this application has not yet caused demand to increase significantly.

Production and Price of Tellurium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Tellurium were at around 240 $/kg.

Commercial quantities of selenium are recovered as a byproduct of the electrolytic refining of copper where it accumulates in anode residues. Treatment of 1000 tons of copper ore typically yields one kilogram (2.2 pounds) of tellurium. Commercial-grade tellurium is usually marketed as 200-mesh powder but is also available as slabs, ingots, sticks, or lumps. The year-end price for tellurium in 2000 was US$14 per pound. In recent years, the tellurium price was driven up by increased demand and limited supply, reaching as high as US$100 per pound in 2006.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Tellurium

Strength of Tellurium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Tellurium

Ultimate tensile strength of Tellurium is 11 MPa.

Yield Strength of Tellurium

Yield strength of Tellurium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Tellurium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Tellurium is N/A.

Hardness of Tellurium

Brinell hardness of Tellurium is approximately 200 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Tellurium is approximately N/A.

Tellurium is has a hardness of approximately 2.3.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Tellurium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Tellurium is hexagonal structure.

Crystal Structure of Tellurium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Tellurium

Tellurium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Tellurium is 449.5°C.

Boiling point of Tellurium is 989.8°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Tellurium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Tellurium is 3 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Tellurium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Tellurium is 18 µm/(m·K)

Tellurium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Tellurium is 0.2 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Tellurium is 17.49 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Tellurium is 52.55 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Tellurium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Tellurium

Electrical resistivity of Tellurium is — nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Tellurium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Tellurium

Magnetic susceptibility of Tellurium is −39.5e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Tellurium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Tellurium

Antimony – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Antimony

Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl.

Summary

Element	Antimony
Atomic number	51
Element category	Metalloids
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6.697 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	11 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	55 GPa
Mohs Scale	3.15
Brinell Hardness	300 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	631 °C
Boiling Point	1950 °C
Thermal Conductivity	24 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	11 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.21 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	19.87 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	77.14 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	417
Magnetic Susceptibility	−99e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Antimony

The largest applications for metallic antimony are an alloy with lead and tin and the lead antimony plates in lead–acid batteries. Alloys of lead and tin with antimony have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. Antimony can be used in fire retardants for many commercial and domestic products. Antimony trichloride is used in the manufacturing flame-proofing compounds as well as paints, ceramic enamels, glass and pottery. Other uses include ball bearings and mixing with alloys with percentages ranging from 1 to 20 greatly increasing the hardness and mechanical strength of the lead. The capability to strengthen already strong alloys is its largest and most widespread use.

Production and Price of Antimony

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Antimony were at around 45 $/kg.

The British Geological Survey (BGS) reported that in 2005 China was the top producer of antimony with approximately 84% of the world share, followed at a distance by South Africa, Bolivia and Tajikistan.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Antimony

Strength of Antimony

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Antimony

Ultimate tensile strength of Antimony is 11 MPa.

Yield Strength of Antimony

Yield strength of Antimony is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Antimony

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Antimony is N/A.

Hardness of Antimony

Brinell hardness of Antimony is approximately 300 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Antimony is approximately N/A.

Antimony is has a hardness of approximately 3.15.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Antimony – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Antimony is rhombohedral structure.

Crystal Structure of Antimony

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Antimony

Antimony – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Antimony is 631°C.

Boiling point of Antimony is 1950°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Antimony – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Antimony is 24 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Antimony

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Antimony is 11 µm/(m·K)

Antimony – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Antimony is 0.21 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Antimony is 19.87 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Antimony is 77.14 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Antimony – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Antimony

Electrical resistivity of Antimony is 417 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Antimony conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Antimony

Magnetic susceptibility of Antimony is −99e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Antimony - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Antimony

Tin – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Tin

Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide. The first alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of tin and copper, from as early as 3000 BC.

Summary

Element	Tin
Atomic number	50
Element category	Poor Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	7.31 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	220 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	50 GPa
Mohs Scale	1.65
Brinell Hardness	50 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	231.93 °C
Boiling Point	2602 °C
Thermal Conductivity	67 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	22 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.227 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	7.029 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	295.8 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	115
Magnetic Susceptibility	+3.1e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Tin

The largest single application of tin is in the manufacture of tinplate (steel sheet coated with tin), which accounts for approximately 40% of total world tin consumption. Tin bonds readily to iron and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. Tinning is the process of thinly coating sheets of wrought iron or steel with tin, and the resulting product is known as tinplate. The term is also widely used for the different process of coating a metal with solder before soldering. There are two processes for the tinning of the black plates: hot-dipping and electroplating.

Production and Price of Tin

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Tin were at around 80 $/kg.

China led the world in tin production in the early 21st century, accounting for nearly half of all production; Indonesia, Peru, and Bolivia were also top producers. Tin is produced by carbothermic reduction of the oxide ore with carbon or coke. Both reverberatory furnace and electric furnace can be used. In 2006, total worldwide tin mine production was 321,000 tons, and smelter production was 340,000 tons. From its production level of 186,300 tons in 1991, around where it had hovered for the previous decades, production of tin increased 89% to 351,800 tons in 2005.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Tin

Strength of Tin

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Tin

Ultimate tensile strength of Tin is 220 MPa.

Yield Strength of Tin

Yield strength of Tin is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Tin

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Tin is N/A.

Hardness of Tin

Brinell hardness of Tin is approximately 50 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Tin is approximately N/A.

Tin is has a hardness of approximately 1.65.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Tin – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Tin is body-centered tetragonal structure.

Crystal Structure of Tin

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Tin

Tin – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Tin is 231.93°C.

Boiling point of Tin is 2602°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Tin – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Tin is 67 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Tin

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Tin is 22 µm/(m·K)

Tin – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Tin is 0.227 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Tin is 7.029 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Tin is 295.8 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Tin – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Tin

Electrical resistivity of Tin is 115 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Tin conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Tin

Magnetic susceptibility of Tin is +3.1e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Tin - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Tin

Indium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Indium

Indium is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth’s crust. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium.

Summary

Element	Indium
Atomic number	49
Element category	Poor Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	7.31 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	2.5 MPa
Yield Strength	1 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	11 GPa
Mohs Scale	1.2
Brinell Hardness	10 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	156.6 °C
Boiling Point	2072 °C
Thermal Conductivity	82 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	32.1 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.23 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	3.263 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	231.5 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	83.7
Magnetic Susceptibility	−64e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Indium

The primary consumption of indium worldwide is LCD production. Demand rose rapidly from the late 1990s to 2010 with the popularity of LCD computer monitors and television sets, which now account for 50% of indium consumption. It is most notably used in the semiconductor industry, in low-melting-point metal alloys such as solders, in soft-metal high-vacuum seals, and in the production of transparent conductive coatings of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass. Indium is considered a technology-critical element.

Production and Price of Indium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Indium were at around 600 $/kg.

Indium is produced mainly from residues generated during zinc ore processing. In the middle and late 1980’s, the development of indium phosphide semiconductors and indium-tin-oxide thin films for Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) aroused much interest. By 1992, the thin-film application had become the largest end use. The amount of indium consumed is largely a function of worldwide LCD production. Increased manufacturing efficiency and recycling (especially in Japan) maintain a balance between demand and supply. Its main source material are sulfidic zinc ores, where it is mostly hosted by sphalerite.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Indium

Strength of Indium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Indium

Ultimate tensile strength of Indium is 2.5 MPa.

Yield Strength of Indium

Yield strength of Indium is 1 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Indium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Indium is 1 MPa.

Hardness of Indium

Brinell hardness of Indium is approximately 10 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Indium is approximately N/A.

Indium is has a hardness of approximately 1.2.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Indium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Indium is body-centered tetragonal structure.

Crystal Structure of Indium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Indium

Indium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Indium is 156.6°C.

Boiling point of Indium is 2072°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Indium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Indium is 82 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Indium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Indium is 32.1 µm/(m·K)

Indium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Indium is 0.23 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Indium is 3.263 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Indium is 231.5 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Indium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Indium

Electrical resistivity of Indium is 83.7 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Indium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Indium

Magnetic susceptibility of Indium is −64e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Indium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Indium

Cadmium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Cadmium

Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. 113Cd has specific absorption cross-section.

Summary

Element	Cadmium
Atomic number	48
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	8.65 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	75 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	50 GPa
Mohs Scale	2
Brinell Hardness	203 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	321.07 °C
Boiling Point	767 °C
Thermal Conductivity	97 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	30.8 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.23 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	6.192 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	99.57 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	72.7
Magnetic Susceptibility	−20e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Cadmium

Cadmium is primarily consumed for the production of rechargeable nickel cadmium batteries. In 2009, 86% of cadmium was used in batteries, predominantly in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Other end uses include pigments, coatings and plating, and as stabilizers for plastics. Solar cell manufacturing may become another significant market for cadmium in the future. In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. 113Cd has specific absorption cross-section.

Production and Price of Cadmium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Cadmium were at around 60 $/kg.

Cadmium is generally recovered as a byproduct from zinc concentrates. Zinc-to-cadmium ratios in typical zinc ores range from 200:1 to 400:1. Sphalerite (ZnS), the most economically significant zinc mineral, commonly contains minor amounts of other elements; cadmium, which shares certain similar chemical properties with zinc, will often substitute for zinc in the sphalerite crystal lattice.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Cadmium

Strength of Cadmium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Cadmium

Ultimate tensile strength of Cadmium is 75 MPa.

Yield Strength of Cadmium

Yield strength of Cadmium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Cadmium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Cadmium is N/A.

Hardness of Cadmium

Brinell hardness of Cadmium is approximately 203 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Cadmium is approximately N/A.

Cadmium is has a hardness of approximately 2.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Cadmium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Cadmium is hexagonal close-packed structure.

Crystal Structure of Cadmium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Cadmium

Cadmium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Cadmium is 321.07°C.

Boiling point of Cadmium is 767°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Cadmium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Cadmium is 97 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Cadmium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Cadmium is 30.8 µm/(m·K)

Cadmium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Cadmium is 0.23 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Cadmium is 6.192 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Cadmium is 99.57 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Cadmium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Cadmium

Electrical resistivity of Cadmium is 72.7 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Cadmium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Cadmium

Magnetic susceptibility of Cadmium is −20e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Cadmium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Cadmium

Silver – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Silver

Silver is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth’s crust in the pure, free elemental form (“native silver”), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.

Summary

Element	Silver
Atomic number	47
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	10.49 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	110 MPa
Yield Strength	45 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	83 GPa
Mohs Scale	3.25
Brinell Hardness	210 MPa
Vickers Hardness	251 MPa
Melting Point	961.78 °C
Boiling Point	2162 °C
Thermal Conductivity	430 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	18.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.235 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	11.3 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	250.58 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	15.9
Magnetic Susceptibility	−19e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Silver

Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes alongside gold. Silver has many important, far-reaching technological and electronic applications. It’s used in everything from cell phones, computers and semiconductors to automobiles, water-purification systems and—because it is the best conductor of heat of all elements—spacecraft solar radiation tiles. Silver is of the upmost importance in photography (where approximately 30% of the U.S. Industrial consumption goes into this application). The medical uses of silver include its use in wound dressings, creams, and as an antibiotic coating on medical devices. Wound dressings containing silver sulfadiazine or silver nanomaterials may be used on external infections.

Production and Price of Silver

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Silver were at around 580 $/kg.

The principal sources of silver are the ores of copper, copper-nickel, lead, and lead-zinc obtained from Peru, Bolivia, Mexico, China, Australia, Chile, Poland and Serbia. Commercial-grade fine silver is at least 99.9% pure, and purities greater than 99.999% are available. In 2014, Mexico was the top producer of silver (5,000 tonnes or 18.7% of the world’s total of 26,800 t), followed by China (4,060 t) and Peru (3,780 t). Today, silver metal is primarily produced instead as a secondary byproduct of electrolytic refining of copper, lead, and zinc, and by application of the Parkes process on lead bullion from ore that also contains silver.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Silver

Strength of Silver

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Silver

Ultimate tensile strength of Silver is 110 MPa.

Yield Strength of Silver

Yield strength of Silver is 45 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Silver

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Silver is 45 MPa.

Hardness of Silver

Brinell hardness of Silver is approximately 210 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Silver is approximately 251 MPa.

Silver is has a hardness of approximately 3.25.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Silver – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Silver is face-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Silver

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Silver

Silver – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Silver is 961.78°C.

Boiling point of Silver is 2162°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Silver – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Silver is 430 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Silver

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Silver is 18.9 µm/(m·K)

Silver – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Silver is 0.235 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Silver is 11.3 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Silver is 250.58 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Silver – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Silver

Electrical resistivity of Silver is 15.9 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Silver conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Silver

Magnetic susceptibility of Silver is −19e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Silver - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Silver

Palladium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Palladium

Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. More than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters.

Summary

Element	Palladium
Atomic number	46
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	12.023 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	135 MPa
Yield Strength	30 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	121 GPa
Mohs Scale	4.8
Brinell Hardness	320 MPa
Vickers Hardness	400 MPa
Melting Point	1554.9 °C
Boiling Point	2963 °C
Thermal Conductivity	72 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	11.8 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.24 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	17.6 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	357 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	105
Magnetic Susceptibility	+567e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Palladium

More than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters, which convert as much as 90% of the harmful gases in automobile exhaust into less noxious substances. Palladium is also used in electronics, dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwater treatment, and jewelry. Palladium-based alloys are being extensively used in fuel cell technology applications. The metal is also employed in historic photographic printing process. Palladium has been used as a precious metal in jewelry since 1939 as an alternative to platinum in the alloys called “white gold”.

Production and Price of Palladium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Palladium were at around 48000 $/kg.

As overall mine production of palladium reached 208,000 kilograms in 2016, Russia was the top producer with 82,000 kilograms, followed by South Africa, Canada and the U.S. Russia’s company Norilsk Nickel ranks first among the largest palladium producers globally, accounting for 39% of the world’s production. The most important commercial sources are nickel-copper deposits found in the Sudbury Basin, Ontario, and the Norilsk–Talnakh deposits in Siberia.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Palladium

Strength of Palladium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Palladium

Ultimate tensile strength of Palladium is 135 MPa.

Yield Strength of Palladium

Yield strength of Palladium is 30 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Palladium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Palladium is 30 MPa.

Hardness of Palladium

Brinell hardness of Palladium is approximately 320 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Palladium is approximately 400 MPa.

Palladium is has a hardness of approximately 4.8.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Palladium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Palladium is face-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Palladium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Palladium

Palladium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Palladium is 1554.9°C.

Boiling point of Palladium is 2963°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Palladium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Palladium is 72 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Palladium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Palladium is 11.8 µm/(m·K)

Palladium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Palladium is 0.24 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Palladium is 17.6 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Palladium is 357 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Palladium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Palladium

Electrical resistivity of Palladium is 105 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Palladium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Palladium

Magnetic susceptibility of Palladium is +567e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Palladium - Comparison of Properties and Prices