Elements - Properties - Price - Applications - Production Archivy - Page 7 of 9

Manganese – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Manganese

Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

Summary

Element	Manganese
Atomic number	25
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	7.47 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	650 MPa
Yield Strength	230 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	198 GPa
Mohs Scale	6
Brinell Hardness	200 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	1246 °C
Boiling Point	2061 °C
Thermal Conductivity	7.82 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	21.7 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.48 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	12.05 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	266 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	1440
Magnetic Susceptibility	+529e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Manganese

Manganese is an important alloying agent. Almost 90% of the manganese produced annually is used in the production of steel. In steels, manganese improves the rolling and forging qualities, as well as strength, toughness, stiffness, wear resistance, hardness and hardenability. The second largest application for manganese is in aluminium alloys. Aluminium with roughly 1.5% manganese has increased resistance to corrosion through grains that absorb impurities which would lead to galvanic corrosion. Manganese can be formed into many useful compounds. For example, manganese oxide, which can be used in fertilizers and ceramics.

Production and Price of Manganese

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Manganese were at around 17 $/kg.

Manganese is most commonly produced by the reduction of the oxide with sodium, magnesium or aluminium. Alternatively it can be produced by electrolysis. About 80% of the known world manganese resources are in South Africa; other important manganese deposits are in Ukraine, Australia, India, China, Gabon and Brazil.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Manganese

Strength of Manganese

In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. In designing structures and machines, it is important to consider these factors, in order that the material selected will have adequate strength to resist applied loads or forces and retain its original shape. Strength of a material is its ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation.

For tensile stress, the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to elongate is known as ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Yield strength or yield stress is the material property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins.

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Manganese

Ultimate tensile strength of Manganese is 650 MPa.

Yield Strength of Manganese

Yield strength of Manganese is 230 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Manganese

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Manganese is 198 GPa.

Hardness of Manganese

In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized plastic deformation) and scratching. Brinell hardness test is one of indentation hardness tests, that has been developed for hardness testing. In Brinell tests, a hard, spherical indenter is forced under a specific load into the surface of the metal to be tested.

Brinell hardness of Manganese is approximately 200 MPa.

The Vickers hardness test method was developed by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. The Vickers hardness test method can be also used as a microhardness test method, which is mostly used for small parts, thin sections, or case depth work.

Vickers hardness of Manganese is approximately N/A.

Scratch hardness is the measure of how resistant a sample is to permanent plastic deformation due to friction from a sharp object. The most common scale for this qualitative test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is based on the ability of one natural sample of mineral to scratch another mineral visibly.

Manganese is has a hardness of approximately 6.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Manganese – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Manganese is body-centered cubic structure.

In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. A crystal lattice is a repeating pattern of mathematical points that extends throughout space. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc.), and shape. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices.

Crystal Structure of Manganese

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Manganese

Manganese – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Manganese is 1246°C.

Boiling point of Manganese is 2061°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Manganese – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Manganese is 7.82 W/(m·K).

The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured in W/m.K. It is a measure of a substance’s ability to transfer heat through a material by conduction. Note that Fourier’s law applies for all matter, regardless of its state (solid, liquid, or gas), therefore, it is also defined for liquids and gases.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Manganese

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Manganese is 21.7 µm/(m·K)

Thermal expansion is generally the tendency of matter to change its dimensions in response to a change in temperature. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in length or volume per unit temperature change.

Manganese – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Manganese is 0.48 J/g K.

Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning it is proportional to the size of the system. Heat capacity C has the unit of energy per degree or energy per kelvin. When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property, the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Manganese is 12.05 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Manganese is 266 kJ/mol.

Latent heat is the amount of heat added to or removed from a substance to produce a change in phase. This energy breaks down the intermolecular attractive forces, and also must provide the energy necessary to expand the gas (the pΔV work). When latent heat is added, no temperature change occurs. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Manganese – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

Electrical property refers to the response of a material to an applied electric field. One of the principal characteristics of materials is their ability (or lack of ability) to conduct electrical current. Indeed, materials are classified by this property, that is, they are divided into conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors.

See also: Electrical Properties

Magnetic property refers to the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. The macroscopic magnetic properties of a material are a consequence of interactions between an external magnetic field and the magnetic dipole moments of the constituent atoms. Different materials react to the application of magnetic field differently.

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Manganese

Electrical resistivity of Manganese is 1440 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Manganese conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Manganese

Magnetic susceptibility of Manganese is +529e-6 cm^3/mol.

In electromagnetism, magnetic susceptibility is the measure of the magnetization of a substance. Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality factor that indicates the degree of magnetization of Manganese in response to an applied magnetic field.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Manganese - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Manganese

Chromium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Chromium

Chromium is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel.

Summary

Element	Chromium
Atomic number	24
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	7.14 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	550 MPa
Yield Strength	131 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	279 GPa
Mohs Scale	8.5
Brinell Hardness	1120 MPa
Vickers Hardness	1060 MPa
Melting Point	1907 °C
Boiling Point	2671 °C
Thermal Conductivity	93.7 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	4.9 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.45 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	16.9 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	344.3 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	125
Magnetic Susceptibility	+280e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Chromium

Chromium is one of the most important and indispensable industrial metals because of its hardness and resistance to corrosion. But it is used for more than the production of stainless steel and nonferrous alloys; it is also used to create pigments and chemicals used to process leather. In metallurgy, Chromium increases hardness, strength, and corrosion resistance. The strengthening effect of forming stable metal carbides at the grain boundaries and the strong increase in corrosion resistance made chromium an important alloying material for steel. Generally speaking, the concentration specified for most grades is approximately 4%. This level appears to result in the best balance between hardness and toughness. Chromium plays an important role in the hardening mechanism and is considered irreplaceable. At higher temperatures, chromium contributes increased strength. It is ordinarily used for applications of this nature in conjunction with molybdenum. The resistance of stainless steels is based on passivation. For passivation to occur and remain stable, the Fe-Cr alloy must have a minimum chromium content of about 11% by weight, above which passivity can occur and below which it is impossible.

Production and Price of Chromium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Chromium were at around 100 $/kg.

Chromium is mined as chromite ore. Globally this ore is available in India, South Africa, Finland, Zimbabwe, Kazakihstan and the Philippines. Commercially, chromium is produced from chromite using silicothermic or aluminothermic reactions. Roasting and leaching processes are also used.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Chromium

Strength of Chromium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Chromium

Ultimate tensile strength of Chromium is 550 MPa.

Yield Strength of Chromium

Yield strength of Chromium is 131 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Chromium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Chromium is 279 GPa.

Hardness of Chromium

Brinell hardness of Chromium is approximately 1120 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Chromium is approximately 1060 MPa.

Chromium is has a hardness of approximately 8.5.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Chromium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Chromium is body-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Chromium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Chromium

Chromium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Chromium is 1907°C.

Boiling point of Chromium is 2671°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Chromium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Chromium is 93.7 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Chromium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Chromium is 4.9 µm/(m·K)

Chromium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Chromium is 0.45 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Chromium is 16.9 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Chromium is 344.3 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Chromium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Chromium

Electrical resistivity of Chromium is 125 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Chromium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Chromium

Magnetic susceptibility of Chromium is +280e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Chromium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Chromium

Vanadium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Vanadium

Vanadium is a hard, silvery grey, ductile, and malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.

Summary

Element	Vanadium
Atomic number	23
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6.11 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	800 MPa
Yield Strength	770 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	128 GPa
Mohs Scale	6.7
Brinell Hardness	650 MPa
Vickers Hardness	630 MPa
Melting Point	1910 °C
Boiling Point	3407 °C
Thermal Conductivity	30.7 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	8.4 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.49 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	20.9 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	0.452 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	197
Magnetic Susceptibility	+255e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Vanadium

Vanadium is mainly used to produce specialty steel alloys such as high-speed tool steels, and some aluminium alloys. Vanadium is generally added to steel to inhibit grain growth during heat treatment. In controlling grain growth, it improves both the strength and toughness of hardened and tempered steels. Vanadium is added to promote abrasion resistance and to produce hard and stable carbides which being only partly soluble, release little carbon into the matrix. The most important industrial vanadium compound, vanadium pentoxide, is used as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid. The vanadium redox battery for energy storage may be an important application in the future.

Production and Price of Vanadium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Vanadium were at around 2200 $/kg.

Vanadium occurs naturally in about 65 minerals and in fossil fuel deposits. It is produced in China and Russia from steel smelter slag. Other countries produce it either from magnetite directly, flue dust of heavy oil, or as a byproduct of uranium mining. World vanadium reserves (that part of the identified vanadium resource that meets specified minimum physical and chemical criteria related to current mining and production practices) are estimated at about 15 million metric tons and it is likely suficient to meet vanadium needs into the next century at the present rate of consumption.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Vanadium

Strength of Vanadium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Vanadium

Ultimate tensile strength of Vanadium is 800 MPa.

Yield Strength of Vanadium

Yield strength of Vanadium is 770 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Vanadium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Vanadium is 128 GPa.

Hardness of Vanadium

Brinell hardness of Vanadium is approximately 650 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Vanadium is approximately 630 MPa.

Vanadium is has a hardness of approximately 6.7.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Vanadium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Vanadium is body-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Vanadium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Vanadium

Vanadium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Vanadium is 1910°C.

Boiling point of Vanadium is 3407°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Vanadium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Vanadium is 30.7 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Vanadium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Vanadium is 8.4 µm/(m·K)

Vanadium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Vanadium is 0.49 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Vanadium is 20.9 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Vanadium is 0.452 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Vanadium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Vanadium

Electrical resistivity of Vanadium is 197 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Vanadium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Vanadium

Magnetic susceptibility of Vanadium is +255e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Vanadium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Vanadium

Titanium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Titanium

Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium can be used in surface condensers. These condensers use tubes that are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material and the use of titanium condenser tubes is associated with very high initial costs.

Summary

Element	Titanium
Atomic number	22
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	4.507 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	434 MPa, 293 MPa (pure)
Yield Strength	380 MPa
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	116 GPa
Mohs Scale	6
Brinell Hardness	700 – 2700 MPa
Vickers Hardness	800 – 3400 MPa
Melting Point	1668 °C
Boiling Point	3287 °C
Thermal Conductivity	21.9 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	8.6 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.52 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	15.45 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	421 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	420
Magnetic Susceptibility	+153e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Titanium

The two most useful properties of the metal are corrosion resistance and strength-to-density ratio, the highest of any metallic element. The corrosion resistance of titanium alloys at normal temperatures is unusually high. These properties determine application of titanium and its alloys. The earliest production application of titanium was in 1952, for the nacelles and firewalls of the Douglas DC-7 airliner. High specific strength, good fatigue resistance and creep life, and good fracture toughness are characteristics that make titanium a preferred metal for aerospace applications. Aerospace applications, including use in both structural (airframe) components and jet engines, still account for the largest share of titanium alloy use. On the supersonic aircraft SR-71, titanium was used for 85% of the structure. Due to very high inertness, titanium has many biomedical applications, which is based on its inertness in the human body, that is, resistance to corrosion by body fluids.

Production and Price of Titanium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Titanium were at around 61 $/kg.

The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. Kroll’s process involved reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), first with sodium and calcium, and later with magnesium, under an inert gas atmosphere. Pure titanium is stronger than common, low-carbon steels, but 45% lighter. It is also twice as strong as weak aluminium alloys but only 60% heavier.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Titanium

Strength of Titanium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Titanium

Ultimate tensile strength of Titanium is 434 MPa, 293 MPa (pure).

Yield Strength of Titanium

Yield strength of Titanium is 380 MPa.

Modulus of Elasticity of Titanium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Titanium is 116 GPa.

Hardness of Titanium

Brinell hardness of Titanium is approximately 700 – 2700 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Titanium is approximately 800 – 3400 MPa.

Titanium is has a hardness of approximately 6.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Titanium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Titanium is hexagonal close-packed structure.

Crystal Structure of Titanium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Titanium

Titanium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Titanium is 1668°C.

Boiling point of Titanium is 3287°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Titanium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Titanium is 21.9 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Titanium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Titanium is 8.6 µm/(m·K)

Titanium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Titanium is 0.52 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Titanium is 15.45 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Titanium is 421 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Titanium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Titanium

Electrical resistivity of Titanium is 420 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Titanium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Titanium

Magnetic susceptibility of Titanium is +153e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Titanium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Titanium

Scandium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Scandium

Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides.

Summary

Element	Scandium
Atomic number	21
Element category	Transition Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	2.985 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	200 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	74.4 GPa
Mohs Scale	N/A
Brinell Hardness	740 – 1200 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	1541 °C
Boiling Point	2830 °C
Thermal Conductivity	15.8 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	10.2 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.6 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	314.2 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	562
Magnetic Susceptibility	+315e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Scandium

The main application of scandium by weight is in aluminium-scandium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain between 0.1% and 0.5% of scandium. Sc drastically improves Al alloys, increasing strength, corrosion resistance and weldability.

Production and Price of Scandium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Scandium were at around 14000 $/kg.

The world production of scandium is in the order of 15-20 tonnes per year, in the form of scandium oxide. The demand is about 50% higher, and both the production and demand keep increasing. A major source for scandium deposits was the now flooded Ashurst mine in Zhovti Vody outside Kiev, Ukraine, that was once a major harvesting ground for iron ore and uranium. To produce metallic scandium, the oxide is converted to scandium fluoride and then reduced with metallic calcium.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Scandium

Strength of Scandium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Scandium

Ultimate tensile strength of Scandium is 200 MPa.

Yield Strength of Scandium

Yield strength of Scandium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Scandium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Scandium is 74.4 GPa.

Hardness of Scandium

Brinell hardness of Scandium is approximately 740 – 1200 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Scandium is approximately N/A.

Scandium is has a hardness of approximately N/A.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Scandium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Scandium is hexagonal close-packed structure.

Crystal Structure of Scandium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Scandium

Scandium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Scandium is 1541°C.

Boiling point of Scandium is 2830°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Scandium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Scandium is 15.8 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Scandium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Scandium is 10.2 µm/(m·K)

Scandium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Scandium is 0.6 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Scandium is 14.1 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Scandium is 314.2 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Scandium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Scandium

Electrical resistivity of Scandium is 562 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Scandium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Scandium

Magnetic susceptibility of Scandium is +315e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Scandium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Scandium

Calcium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Calcium

Calcium is an alkaline earth metal, it is a reactive pale yellow metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium.

Summary

Element	Calcium
Atomic number	20
Element category	Alkaline Earth Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	1.55 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	110 MPa
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	20 GPa
Mohs Scale	1.5
Brinell Hardness	170 – 400 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	842 °C
Boiling Point	1484 °C
Thermal Conductivity	200 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	22.3 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.63 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	153.3 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	33.6
Magnetic Susceptibility	+40e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Calcium

The largest use of metallic calcium is in steelmaking, due to its strong chemical affinity for oxygen and sulfur. Its oxides and sulfides, once formed, give liquid lime aluminate and sulfide inclusions in steel which float out. Calcium compounds are used as manufacture of insecticides, paints, blackboard chalk, textile and fireworks.

Production and Price of Calcium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Calcium were at around 110 $/kg.

In 2005, about 24000 tonnes of calcium were produced; about half of the world’s extracted calcium is used by the United States, with about 80% of the output used each year. Pure calcium metal is now made commercially by heating lime with aluminum. The metal reacts slowly with oxygen, water vapour, and nitrogen of the air to form a yellow coating of the oxide, hydroxide, and nitride.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Calcium

Strength of Calcium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Calcium

Ultimate tensile strength of Calcium is 110 MPa.

Yield Strength of Calcium

Yield strength of Calcium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Calcium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Calcium is 20 GPa.

Hardness of Calcium

Brinell hardness of Calcium is approximately 170 – 400 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Calcium is approximately N/A.

Calcium is has a hardness of approximately 1.5.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Calcium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Calcium is face-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Calcium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Calcium

Calcium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Calcium is 842°C.

Boiling point of Calcium is 1484°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Calcium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Calcium is 200 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Calcium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Calcium is 22.3 µm/(m·K)

Calcium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Calcium is 0.63 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Calcium is 8.54 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Calcium is 153.3 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Calcium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Calcium

Electrical resistivity of Calcium is 33.6 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Calcium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Calcium

Magnetic susceptibility of Calcium is +40e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Calcium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Calcium

Potassium – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-07-202020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Potassium

Potassium was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. All of the alkali metals have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge – a cation, which combines with anions to form salts. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Traces of 40K are found in all potassium, and it is the most common radioisotope in the human body.

Summary

Element	Potassium
Atomic number	19
Element category	Alkali Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	0.856 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	3.53 GPa
Mohs Scale	0.4
Brinell Hardness	0.36 MPa
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	63.25 °C
Boiling Point	760 °C
Thermal Conductivity	102.4 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	83 µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.75 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	2.334 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	79.87 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	72
Magnetic Susceptibility	+20.8e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Potassium

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It’s classified as a macronutrient because plants take up large quantities of K during their life cycle. Agricultural fertilizers consume 95% of global potassium chemical production, and about 90% of this potassium is supplied as KCl. Due to its high degree of reactivity, pure potassium is rarely used in its elemental /metallic form. It is used as a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry. Potassium/Sodium alloys are It used as a heat exchange medium . The heat in the potassium warms water and makes it hot enough to boil. Then water is changed into steam, which is used to work devices that generate electricity.

Production and Price of Potassium

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Potassium were at around 850 $/kg.

Potassium compounds can be extracted from the earth as it is found in many solids, soil and seawater. The earliest version known to man was potash, which could be easily obtained by simply burning a tree and gathering potash from the ashes. The principal source of potassium – potash – is mined in Canada, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Germany, Israel, United States, Jordan, and other places around the world.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Potassium

Strength of Potassium

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Potassium

Ultimate tensile strength of Potassium is N/A.

Yield Strength of Potassium

Yield strength of Potassium is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Potassium

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Potassium is 3.53 GPa.

Hardness of Potassium

Brinell hardness of Potassium is approximately 0.36 MPa.

Vickers hardness of Potassium is approximately N/A.

Potassium is has a hardness of approximately 0.4.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Potassium – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Potassium is body-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Potassium

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Potassium

Potassium – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Potassium is 63.25°C.

Boiling point of Potassium is 760°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Potassium – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Potassium is 102.4 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Potassium

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Potassium is 83 µm/(m·K)

Potassium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Potassium is 0.75 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Potassium is 2.334 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Potassium is 79.87 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Potassium – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Potassium

Electrical resistivity of Potassium is 72 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Potassium conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Potassium

Magnetic susceptibility of Potassium is +20.8e-6 cm^3/mol.

In electromagnetism, magnetic susceptibility is the measure of the magnetization of a substance. Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality factor that indicates the degree of magnetization of Potassium in response to an applied magnetic field.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Potassium - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Potassium

Argon – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Argon

Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as neon (18 ppmv). Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning.

Summary

Element	Argon
Atomic number	18
Element category	Noble Gas
Phase at STP	Gas
Density	0.00178 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	N/A
Mohs Scale	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	-189.2 °C
Boiling Point	-185.7 °C
Thermal Conductivity	0.01772 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	— µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.52 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	1.188 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	6.447 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	—
Magnetic Susceptibility	−19.6e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Argon

The major applications of argon include the following: electric lamps as filler gas, welding purpose, discharge tubes, argon lasers and argon-dye lasers. Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. Argon is also used in incandescent, fluorescent lighting, and other gas-discharge tubes.

Production and Price of Argon

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Argon were at around 5 $/kg.

Argon is produced industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. a process that separates liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77.3 K, from argon, which boils at 87.3 K, and liquid oxygen, which boils at 90.2 K. About 700,000 tonnes of argon are produced worldwide every year.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Argon

Strength of Argon

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Argon

Ultimate tensile strength of Argon is N/A.

Yield Strength of Argon

Yield strength of Argon is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Argon

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Argon is N/A.

Hardness of Argon

Brinell hardness of Argon is approximately N/A.

Vickers hardness of Argon is approximately N/A.

Argon is has a hardness of approximately N/A.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Argon – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Argon is face-centered cubic structure.

Crystal Structure of Argon

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Argon

Argon – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Argon is -189.2°C.

Boiling point of Argon is -185.7°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Argon – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Argon is 0.01772 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Argon

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Argon is — µm/(m·K)

Argon – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Argon is 0.52 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Argon is 1.188 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Argon is 6.447 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Argon – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Argon

Electrical resistivity of Argon is — nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Argon conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Argon

Magnetic susceptibility of Argon is −19.6e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Argon - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Argon

Chlorine – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Chlorine

Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine.

Summary

Element	Chlorine
Atomic number	17
Element category	Halogen
Phase at STP	Gas
Density	0.0032 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	N/A
Mohs Scale	N/A
Brinell Hardness	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	-101 °C
Boiling Point	-34.6 °C
Thermal Conductivity	0.0089 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	— µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.48 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	3.23 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	10.2 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	1E10
Magnetic Susceptibility	−40.5e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Chlorine

Chlorine is used in the manufacture of a wide range of consumer products, about two-thirds of them organic chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), many intermediates for the production of plastics, and other end products which do not contain the element. As a common disinfectant, elemental chlorine and chlorine-generating compounds are used more directly in swimming pools to keep them sanitary. While perhaps best known for its role in providing clean drinking water, chlorine chemistry also helps provide energy-efficient building materials, electronics, fiber optics, solar energy cells, 93 percent of life-saving pharmaceuticals, 86 percent of crop protection compounds, medical plastics, and much more.

Production and Price of Chlorine

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Chlorine were at around 1.5 $/kg.

Elemental chlorine is commercially produced from brine by electrolysis, predominantly in the chlor-alkali process. By electrolysis of a concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water. Hydrogen is generated at the cathode and chlorine at the anode. At the same time, sodium hydroxide is produced in the electrolyte; hence, this process is often referred to as chlorine-alkali electrolysis. According to The Chlorine Institute statistics, in 2010, the U.S. chlor-alkali industry produced 11.6 million short tons of chlorine and 12.2 million short tons of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Chlorine

Strength of Chlorine

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Chlorine

Ultimate tensile strength of Chlorine is N/A.

Yield Strength of Chlorine

Yield strength of Chlorine is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Chlorine

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Chlorine is N/A.

Hardness of Chlorine

Brinell hardness of Chlorine is approximately N/A.

Vickers hardness of Chlorine is approximately N/A.

Chlorine is has a hardness of approximately N/A.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Chlorine – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Chlorine is orthorhombic structure.

Crystal Structure of Chlorine

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Chlorine

Chlorine – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Chlorine is -101°C.

Boiling point of Chlorine is -34.6°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Chlorine – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Chlorine is 0.0089 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Chlorine

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Chlorine is — µm/(m·K)

Chlorine – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Chlorine is 0.48 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Chlorine is 3.23 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Chlorine is 10.2 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Chlorine – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Chlorine

Electrical resistivity of Chlorine is 1E10 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Chlorine conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Chlorine

Magnetic susceptibility of Chlorine is −40.5e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Chlorine - Comparison of Properties and Prices

Periodic Table in 8K resolution

Other properties of Chlorine

Sulfur – Properties – Price – Applications – Production

2021-02-012020-12-08 by Nick Connor

About Sulfur

Sulfur is abundant, multivalent, and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Chemically, sulfur reacts with all elements except for gold, platinum, iridium, tellurium, and the noble gases.

Summary

Element	Sulfur
Atomic number	16
Element category	Non Metal
Phase at STP	Solid
Density	1.96 g/cm3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	N/A
Yield Strength	N/A
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity	N/A
Mohs Scale	2
Brinell Hardness	N/A
Vickers Hardness	N/A
Melting Point	112.8 °C
Boiling Point	444.7 °C
Thermal Conductivity	0.269 W/mK
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	— µm/mK
Specific Heat	0.71 J/g K
Heat of Fusion	1.7175 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization	45 kJ/mol
Electrical resistivity [nanoOhm meter]	2E24
Magnetic Susceptibility	−15.5e-6 cm^3/mol

Applications of Sulfur

The greatest commercial use of the element is the production of sulfuric acid for sulfate and phosphate fertilizers, and other chemical processes. Sulfur is increasingly used as a component of fertilizers. The most important form of sulfur for fertilizer is the mineral calcium sulfate. The element sulfur is used in matches, insecticides, and fungicides. Many sulfur compounds are odoriferous, and the smells of odorized natural gas, skunk scent, grapefruit, and garlic are due to organosulfur compounds.

Production and Price of Sulfur

Raw materials prices change daily. They are primarily driven by supply, demand and energy prices. In 2019, prices of pure Sulfur were at around 240 $/kg.

Production of Sulphur carried out in three basic ways. It can be mined through the use of wells drilled to sulphur deposits and worked with the “Frasch” method. It can be extracted from the oil or gas stream at a processing plant. And it can be scraped from the surface of the earth or dug out of open pits. “Crude” sulfur is produced from the Frasch process or recovered from “sour” natural gas or petroleum. Although termed “crude”, this sulfur possesses a minimum purity of 99.5 percent and is suitable for a majority of uses. The impurities consist primarily of trapped organic matter. Today, almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum.

Source: www.luciteria.com

Mechanical Properties of Sulfur

Strength of Sulfur

See also: Strength of Materials

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Sulfur

Ultimate tensile strength of Sulfur is N/A.

Yield Strength of Sulfur

Yield strength of Sulfur is N/A.

Modulus of Elasticity of Sulfur

The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Sulfur is N/A.

Hardness of Sulfur

Brinell hardness of Sulfur is approximately N/A.

Vickers hardness of Sulfur is approximately N/A.

Sulfur is has a hardness of approximately 2.

See also: Hardness of Materials

Sulfur – Crystal Structure

A possible crystal structure of Sulfur is orthorombic structure.

Crystal Structure of Sulfur

Strength of Elements

Elasticity of Elements

Hardness of Elements

Thermal Properties of Sulfur

Sulfur – Melting Point and Boiling Point

Melting point of Sulfur is 112.8°C.

Boiling point of Sulfur is 444.7°C.

Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.

Sulfur – Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity of Sulfur is 0.269 W/(m·K).

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Sulfur

Linear thermal expansion coefficient of Sulfur is — µm/(m·K)

Sulfur – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization

Specific heat of Sulfur is 0.71 J/g K.

Latent Heat of Fusion of Sulfur is 1.7175 kJ/mol.

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Sulfur is 45 kJ/mol.

Melting Point of Elements

Thermal Conductivity of Elements

Thermal Expansion of Elements

Heat Capacity of Elements

Heat of Fusion of Elements

Heat of Vaporization of Elements

Sulfur – Electrical Resistivity – Magnetic Susceptibility

See also: Electrical Properties

See also: Magnetic Properties

Electrical Resistivity of Sulfur

Electrical resistivity of Sulfur is 2E24 nΩ⋅m.

Electrical conductivity and its converse, electrical resistivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how Sulfur conducts the flow of electric current. Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Sulfur

Magnetic susceptibility of Sulfur is −15.5e-6 cm^3/mol.

Electrical Resistivity of Elements

Magnetic Susceptibility of Elements

Application and prices of other elements

Sulfur - Comparison of Properties and Prices